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RUSVM Anatomy II > Brain and Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Brain and Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three general regions that the brain is divided into?

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem

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2
Q

Which of the following includes the corpora quadrigemina and mesencephalic aqueduct?

a. Telencephalon
b. Diencephalon
c. Mesencephalon
d. Metencephalon
e. Myencephalon

A

c. Mesencephalon

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3
Q

Which of the following includes the medulla oblongata, caudal part of the fourth ventricle, and obex?

a. Telencephalon
b. Diencephalon
c. Mesencephalon
d. Metencephalon
e. Myencephalon

A

e. Myencephalon

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4
Q

Which of the following includes the cerebral hemispheres and lateral ventricles?

a. Telencephalon
b. Diencephalon
c. Mesencephalon
d. Metencephalon
e. Myencephalon

A

a. Telencephalon

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5
Q

What is the double-layered, outermost tough meningeal layer?

A

Dura mater

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6
Q

What is the name of the left and right partition of the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Falx cerebri

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7
Q

Which of the following includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and third ventricle?

a. Telencephalon
b. Diencephalon
c. Mesencephalon
d. Metencephalon
e. Myencephalon

A

b. Diencephalon

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8
Q

What regions are included in the Metencephalon?

A

Pons
Cerebellum
Rostral part of the fourth ventricle

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9
Q

What is the name of the membranous partitions of the cerebrum and cerebellum?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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10
Q

What are the name of the sinuses that are part of the dural sinuses?

A 
Dorsal sagittal sinus
Transverse sinuses (bilateral)
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11
Q

What connects the fourth ventricle to the third ventricle?

A

Mesencephalic acqueduct

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12
Q

Where do the dural sinuses return blood and CSF?

A

Venous system

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13
Q

What is the name of the septum that separates the lateral ventricles?

A

Septum pellucidum

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14
Q

The dorsal sagittal dural sinus is located on the dorsal aspect of what fissure?

A

Longitudinal fissure

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15
Q

The ____ is a band of fibers that course transversely between the cerebral hemispheres deep within the longitudinal fissure.

A

Corpus callosum

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16
Q

Elevation of the cerebral cortex are ___, while depressions of the cerebral cortex are _____.

A

Gyri, Sulci

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17
Q

What are the five lobes of the cerebrum?

A
  1. Occipital lobe
  2. Parietal lobe
  3. Frontal lobe
  4. Temporal lobe
  5. Piriform lobe
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18
Q

What are the three general regions of the Cerebrum?

A

Internal Capsule
Cerebral cortex
Basal nuclei

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19
Q

True/False. Reflex pathways need to relay through the cerebral cortex.

A

False

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20
Q

Which part of the cerebral cortex is part of the piriform lobe and is responsible for olfactory function?

A

Paleocortex

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21
Q

Which part of he cerebral cortex is part of the limbic system?

A

Archicortex

22
Q

Which lobe is responsible for conscious perception of visual information?

A

Occipital lobe

23
Q

In which lobe will we see lesions that produce abnormalities of voluntary movement and/or loss of conscious proprioception if the lesion affects the sensorimotor cortex?

A

Frontal lobe

24
Q

Which lobe is responsible for producing a 3D map of the body’s location in space and its relation to objects in that space?

A

Parietal lobe

25
Q

Which lobe is responsible for voluntary motor functions that are learned or skilled responses?

A

Frontal lobe

26
Q

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

A

Perception and interpretation of auditory information

27
Q

Which of the following is false about the Piriform Lobe?

a. Contains strong connections to the limbic system
b. Lesions reduce olfactory acuity or produce anosmia
c. It’s easily detected when testing
d. Perception and interpretation of olfactory information

A

c. It’s easily detected when testing

28
Q

The ___ cortex is located within the temporal lobe.

A

Temporal Lobe

29
Q

Which part of the brain is responsible for posture and movement coordination?

A

Cerebellum

30
Q

The cerebellum communicates with other parts of the CNS via three pair of nerve tracts called _____.

A

Cerebellar peduncles

31
Q

What are the four “F’s” of the limbic system?

A

Fighting
Feeding
Fornication
Fleeing

32
Q

What part of the brain is a major component of the RAS, which “wakes up” the cerebral cortex?

A

Thalamus

33
Q

Pathway of communication between the thalamus and the cortex is via the _____.

A

Internal capsule

34
Q

The pressure in the ___ has to be larger than the pressure in the ___ in order for CSF reabsorption to occur.

A

Subarachnoid space (CSF) > Dural sinus (venous)

35
Q

What is the modification of the collateral supply to the cerebral arterial circle that is found in the cat, ruminant, and pig?

A

Rete mirabile

36
Q

What structure is fed by the basilar artery and internal carotid arteries in most species?

A

Cerebral arterial circle (Circle of Willis)

37
Q

What artery branches supply the rete mirabile in species with regressed internal carotid arteries?

A

Maxillary artery

Occipital artery

38
Q

The ____ is the primary blood supply of the spinal cord and the ____ is the secondary supply.

A

Ventral spinal artery, Dorsal spinal arteries

39
Q

Mammals have ____ cervical vertebrae and ___ cervical spinal segments/nerves.

A

7, 8

40
Q

Where do the first two sacral spinal nerves emerge through?

A

Sacral foramina (dorsal and pelvic sacral foramina)

41
Q

It is best to insert a needle caudal to the ____ to avoid puncturing the spinal cord when withdrawing the CSF.

A

Conus Medullaris

42
Q

What are the regions of white matter within the spinal cord referenced as?

A

Funiculi

43
Q

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the ascending tracts of the spinal cord?

a. Contains the prefix “spino-“
b. Located in the dorsal and ventral funiculi
c. Transport sensory information from the spinal cord to the brain
d. All the above are TRUE

A

b. Located in the dorsal and ventral funiculi

They’re in the dorsal and lateral funiculi

44
Q

What do the descending tracts of the spinal cord transmit?

A

“Commands” from the brain to the spinal cord

45
Q

What is the point for point correspondence of a specific body part to a specific region of the CNS?

A

Somatotopy

46
Q

What is the definition of proprioception?

A

Ability to sense stimuli in relation to position, motion, and equilibrium

47
Q

What is are the levels of damage to the spinal cord from superficial to deep?

A

General proprioception
Voluntary Motor
Superficial Pain
Deep Pain

48
Q

What are the six functional divisions of the spinal cord and what segments do they correspond to?

A
  1. Cranial cervical region: C1-C5
  2. Cervicothoracic region: C6-T2
  3. Thoracolumbar region: T3-L3
  4. Lumbosacral region: L4-S2
  5. Sacral region: S1- S3
  6. Caudal region: Cd 1-5
49
Q

Which region of the spinal cord has PSNS innervation to the viscera of the pelvis and urinary bladder?

A

Sacral region

50
Q

The axons from ____ contribute to the sciatic nerve.

A

S1-S2

51
Q

The ___ region contains pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons while the ___ region provides sympathetic innervation to the head/ eye.

A

Thoracolumbar region, Cervicothoracic region

RUSVM Anatomy II (10 decks)

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