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RUSVM Anatomy II > Thoracic Limb Vessels and Nerves > Flashcards

Thoracic Limb Vessels and Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Shoulder Sweeney Syndrome is a disease caused by damage to what nerve in horses?

A

Suprascapular nerve

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2
Q

Which muscles are atrophied in a horse with shoulder Sweeney Syndrome?

A

Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus muscles

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3
Q

What two reasons are horses more prone to damage of the suprascapular nerve?

A
  1. Horses lack an acromion of the scapula so the nerve is not protected
  2. It is the most cranial of the nerves of the brachial plexus and is prone to avulsion injuries if the horses head is suddenly thrusted laterally
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4
Q

What nerve innervates the extensors of the elbow, extensors of the carpus and extensors of the digits?

A

Radial Nerve

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5
Q

What muscles contribute to the extensors of the elbow?

A

Triceps brachii muscle
Anconeus muscle
Tensor fasciae antebrachii muscle

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6
Q

What can occur following severe trauma where roots of spinal nerves that contribute to the brachial plexus are torn?

A

Brachial Plexus Avulsion

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7
Q

What nerve will not be able to support the animals weight if its damaged?

A

Radial nerve

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8
Q

Which nerve cannot stabilize the shoulder or advance the limb if its damaged?

A

Suprascapular and Subscapular Nerve

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9
Q

If an animal is unable to lift the limb off the ground or flex the elbow, which nerve is damaged?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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10
Q

What is used to evaluate ascending pathways to the region of C8 to T1 that supply the cutaneous trunci muscle?

A

Panniculus reflex or cutaneous trunci reflex

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11
Q

Which nerve is going to supply the cutaneous trunci muscle?

A

Lateral thoracic nerve

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12
Q

What is the major blood supply to the thoracic limb of a dog?

A

Axillary a. –> brachial a. –> median a.

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13
Q

Which artery is going to arise from a common trunk with the lateral thoracic artery and supplies the superficial pectoral muscle?

A

External thoracic artery

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14
Q

Which of the following muscles does the lateral thoracic artery not supply?

a. Deep pectoral muscle
b. Latissimus dorsi muscle
c. Cutaneous trunci muscle
d. It supplies all the above

A

d. It supplies all the above

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15
Q

Where can you find the subscapular artery?

A

Between the teres major and subscapularis muscles

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16
Q

Which artery supplies the teres major and latissimus dorsi muscles?

A

Thoracodorsal artery

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17
Q

Which artery is found between the proximal humerus and teres major and supplies the muscles of the shoulder and proximal brachium, and shoulder joint capsule?

A

Caudal circumflex humeral artery

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18
Q

What are the muscles of the shoulder and proximal brachium?

A

Deltoideus muscle
Infraspinatus muscle
Coracobrachialis muscle
Part of the triceps brachii muscle

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19
Q

What does the cranial circumflex humeral artery supply?

A

Cranial aspect of the biceps brachii and shoulder joint capsule

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20
Q

What is the last branch of the axillary artery?

A

Cranial circumflex humeral artery

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21
Q

Which artery travels deep with the radial nerve?

A

Deep brachial artery

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22
Q

Which of the following supplies the biceps brachii muscle?

a. Deep brachial artery
b. Collateral ulnar artery
c. Common interosseus artery
d. Bicipital artery

A

d. Bicipital artery

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23
Q

Which of the following supplies the triceps brachii muscle and caudal elbow area?

a. Deep brachial artery
b. Collateral ulnar artery
c. Common interosseus artery
d. Bicipital artery

A

b. Collateral ulnar artery

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24
Q

What muscle does the deep brachial artery supply?

A

Triceps brachii muscle

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25
Q

Which of the two branches of the common interosseus artery supplies blood to the palmar aspect of the metacarpus?

A

Caudal interosseus artery

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26
Q

True/False. The ulnar artery provides nutrient vesels to the radius and ulna.

A

False. The caudal interosseus artery

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27
Q

Which caudal muscles of the antebrachium does the ulnar artery supply?

A

DDF

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

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28
Q

Which artery is the principal source of blood to the paw that passes through the carpal canal with the DDF to supply the palmar surface of the paw?

A

Median artery

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29
Q

Which vein drains into the external jugular vein?

A

Cephalic vein

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30
Q

Which veins are common sites for venipuncture in the dog?

A

Cephalic vein

Accessory cephalic vein

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31
Q

True/False. The cephalic vein can be used for catheter placement in a dog.

A

True

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32
Q

Which vein prevents blood return from the distal limb in order to build pressure in the veins distal to the cubit for venipuncture purposes?

A

Median cubital vein

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33
Q

Which vein is the continuation of the median vein at the junction where the median vein drains into both median cubital and brachial veins?

A

Brachial vein

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34
Q

True/False. The brachial plexus is formed by the interconnecting branches arising from the primary ventral branches of spinal nerves C2-T2.

A

False. C6-T2

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35
Q

_____ nerve is going to innervate the superficial pectoral muscle and ___ nerve is going to innervate the deep pectoral muscle.

A

Cranial pectoral nerve; Caudal pectoral nerve

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36
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate in the dog?

A

Biceps brachii muscle
Brachialis muscle
Coracobrachialis muscle

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37
Q

Which nerve has an autonomous (cutaneous) innervation to the medial aspect of the antebrachium?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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38
Q

Which of the following nerves can result in instability of the glenohumeral joint if there is loss of innervation?

a. Subscapular nerve
b. Suprascapular nerve
c. Musculocutaneous nerve
d. Lateral thoracic nerve

A

b. Suprascapular nerve

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39
Q

The axillary nerve runs caudal to which artery?

A

Caudal circumflex humeral artery

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40
Q

Which nerves innervate the glenohumeral joint?

A

Axillary and Suprascarpular nerves

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41
Q

Which nerve innervates all extensor muscles of the elbow, carpus and digits?

a. Axillary nerve
b. Radial nerve
c. Median nerve
d. Ulnar nerve

A

b. Radial nerve

42
Q

Which nerve innervates stabilizers of the shoulder?

a. Axillary nerve
b. Radial nerve
c. Median nerve
d. Ulnar nerve

A

a. Axillary nerve

43
Q

What nerves innervate the elbow joint?

A

Median nerve
Ulnar nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Radial nerve

44
Q

Which nerve will the animal be unable to bear weight if its damaged at the level of the brachial plexus?

a. Axillary nerve
b. Radial nerve
c. Median nerve
d. Ulnar nerve

A

b. Radial nerve

45
Q

What nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

46
Q

What is the autonomous (cutaneous) innervation of the axillary nerve?

A

Caudal scapular region and craniolateral brachium

47
Q

What is the autonomous (cutaneous) innervation of the radial nerve?

A

Cranial and lateral antebrachium and dorsal paw

48
Q

Which of the following nerves innervates the pronators of the forelimb and flexors of the carpus and digits?

a. Axillary nerve
b. Radial nerve
c. Median nerve
d. Ulnar nerve

A

c. Median nerve

49
Q

True/False. The median nerve and musculocutaneous nerve share a common trunk in the dog.

A

False. The MEDIAN and ULNAR in DOG

50
Q

Which vessels pass through the carpal canal?

A

Median artery and nerve

Ulnar nerve

51
Q

Which nerves supply sensation to the palmar surface of the paw?

A

Median nerve

Ulnar nerve

52
Q

Which nerves innervate the carpus and digit joints?

A

Median nerve
Ulnar nerve
Radial nerve

53
Q

What two structures does the ulnar nerve pass between?

A

Tuber olecranon

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

54
Q

What does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

Flexors of the carpus and digits on the lateral side (FCU and parts of DDF mm.)

55
Q

Loss of cutaneous sensation to the lateral aspect of the paw and fifth digit indicates damage to which nerve?

A

Ulnar nerve

56
Q

What is the arterial blood supply to the extensors of the carpus and digits?

A

Common interosseus artery

57
Q

What muscles does the median nerve innervate that serve as flexors of the carpus and digit?

A 
Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus
FCR
SDF 
DDF
58
Q

True/False. The thoracodorsal nerve supplies the cutaneous trunci muscle and the lateral thoracic nerve supplies the latissimus dorsi muscle.

A

False. Thoracodorsal = latissimus dorse

Lateral thoracic = cuntaneous trunci

59
Q

In the horse the Median nerve shares a common trunk with which other nerve?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

60
Q

What is the arterial supply of the carpus in equine?

A
  1. Palmar branch of median a. + collateral ulnar a = lateral palmar a.
  2. Median a. –> Medial palmar a.
  3. Median a. –> Radial a.
61
Q

What are the nerves located at the back of the equine that would be used for a four point block?

A

Medial and Lateral Palmar nerves

Medial and Lateral Palmar Metacarpal nerves

62
Q

What landmark is used to located the medial cutaneous antebrachial nerve?

A

Lacertus fibrosis

63
Q

What is the medial cutenous atebrachial nerve a branch off of in equine?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

64
Q

What is the most important and main blood supply to the equine distal limb?

A

Medial Palmar artery

65
Q

True/False. The palmar branch of the ulnar nerve joins the lateral branch of the median nerve to make up the lateral palmar nerve.

A

True

66
Q

The medial and lateral plamar metacarpal nerves are direct branches of the ______ nerve.

A

Deep branch of the lateral palmar nerve

67
Q

What is the principal blood supply to the hoof?

A

Median artery

68
Q

What structures pass through the carpal canal with the DDF in the equine thoracic limb?

A

Median artery and nerve

Ulnar nerve

69
Q

Which nerve supplies the dorsal aspect of the equine metacarpus?

A

Ulnar nerve

70
Q

Where can you find the radial nerve in the equine limb?

A

Between the long and medial heads of the triceps brachii muscle

71
Q

What makes up the equine lateral palmar nerve?

A

Palmar branch of the ulnar nerve + Lateral branch of the median nerve = lateral palmar nerve

72
Q

What are the branches of the median artery?

A

Radial artery

Medial palmar artery

73
Q

True/False. Medial and Lateral palmar artery each give rise to the medial and lateral palmar digital artery in the horse.

A

False!!

Only Medial palmar artery gives rise to medial and lateral palmar digital artery

74
Q

True/False. A branch of the median nerve supplying the coracobrachialis muscle is prominent in the horse.

A

False

Musculocutaneous nerve branch supplies the coracobrachialis muscle

75
Q

What innervates most of the skin of the fetlock, the dorsal part of the pastern, dorsal aspect of the coronary band and dorsal laminae of the equine foot?

A

Dorsal branch of the medial and lateral palmar digital nerve

76
Q

Which nerve has close association with the metacarpal bones and is located at the level of the carpus?

A

Deep branch of the lateral palmar nerve

77
Q

Which nerves have close association with the axial surface of the medial and lateral splint bones?

A

Medial and lateral palmar metacarpal nerves

78
Q

What is a palpable landmark to find the lateral thoracic artery and nerve?

A

Axillary lymph node

79
Q

What are the ventral branches of the brachial plexus?

A

C7-T2

80
Q

Which two nerves result in significant clinical signs of decreased ability to stabilize the shoulder if they are damaged?

A

Suprascapular nerve
Axillary nerve
Subscapular nerve has no significant clinical sings

81
Q

The ___ branch of the median artery joins with the ____ artery to form the lateral palmar artery

A

Palmar branch; Collateral ulnar

82
Q

The ___ branch of the median nerve joins with the _____ branch of the ____ nerve to form the lateral palmar nerve.

A

Lateral branch; palmar branch; Ulnar nerve

83
Q

The communicating branch in the equine limb is between what two nerves at the level of the mid- metacarpus?

A

Medial palmar nerve

Lateral palmar nerve

84
Q

In the dog the communicating branch is between which two nerves?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

Median nerve

85
Q

Which landmark is used to find the medial palmar digital artery and nerve?

A

Ligament of the ergot

86
Q

What nerve is damaged in a cat who is unable to extend the carpus and digits, resulting in knuckling over?

A

Radial nerve

87
Q

A dog sustained an injury to the dorsal aspect of his antebrachium. You poke his paw with a pin and determine that he has no sensation to the dorsal aspect of his paw over digits I - IV. Sensroy branches of which nerve have likely been damaged?

A

Radial nerve

88
Q

Sinking of the carpus and fetlock is an indication of damage to which nerves?

A

Median and Ulnar nerves

89
Q

Which nerve is proximal to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?

A

Radial nerve

90
Q

What nerves are located proximal to the medial epicondyle of the humerus?

A

Ulnar nerve
Median nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve

91
Q

When performing a ring block what nerves would be blocked on the lateral side of the distal limb?

A

Radial nerve

Ulnar nerve

92
Q

What nerves would be blocked on the medial side of the forelimb for a ring block?

A

Median nerve
Some of the ulnar nerve
Superficial branch of the radial nerve

93
Q

Which of the following arteries supplies blood to the elbow joint capsule?

a. Caudal circumflex humeral artery
b. Bicipital artery
c. Common interosseous artery
d. Collateral ulnar

A

d. Collateral ulnar

94
Q

The axillary artery transitions to the brachial artery after giving off which artery?

A

Cranial circumflex humeral artery

95
Q

Which two arteries mark the transition between the brachial artery to the median artery?

a. Bicipital and common interosseous
b. Common interosseous and collateral ulnar
c. Common interosseous and deep antebrachial
d. Collateral ulnar and deep antebrachial

A

c. Common interosseous and deep antebrachial

96
Q

Which artery is clinically relevant in relation to antebrachial fractures and it provides the nutrient vessels to the radius and ulna?

a. Collateral ulnar artery
b. Ulnar artery
c. Cranial interosseous artery
d. Caudal interosseous artery

A

d. Caudal interosseous artery

97
Q

When placing an IV catheter or collecting blood in the cephalic vein, which nerve would you be worried about potentially hitting?

A

Superficial branch of the Radial nerve

98
Q

Which of the following arteries supply the biceps brachii?

a. Cranial circumflex humeral artery and collateral ulnar
b. Depp brachial artery
c. Bicipital artery
d. Cranial cricumflex humeral and bicipital artery

A

d. Cranial cricumflex humeral and bicipital artery

99
Q

Which arteries supply the shoulder joint capsule?

a. Cranial and Caudal circumflex humeral aa.
b. Cranial circumflex humeral and Collateral ulnar aa.
c. Deep brachial and caudal circumflex humeral aa.
d. Thoracodorsal and caudal circumflex humeral aa.

A

a. Cranial and Caudal circumflex humeral aa.

100
Q

Which artery provides collateral circulation to the palmar aspect of the metacarpus in the equine limb?

A

Radial artery

RUSVM Anatomy II (10 decks)

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