Thoracic Limb Vessels and Nerves Flashcards
Shoulder Sweeney Syndrome is a disease caused by damage to what nerve in horses?
Suprascapular nerve
Which muscles are atrophied in a horse with shoulder Sweeney Syndrome?
Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus muscles
What two reasons are horses more prone to damage of the suprascapular nerve?
- Horses lack an acromion of the scapula so the nerve is not protected
- It is the most cranial of the nerves of the brachial plexus and is prone to avulsion injuries if the horses head is suddenly thrusted laterally
What nerve innervates the extensors of the elbow, extensors of the carpus and extensors of the digits?
Radial Nerve
What muscles contribute to the extensors of the elbow?
Triceps brachii muscle
Anconeus muscle
Tensor fasciae antebrachii muscle
What can occur following severe trauma where roots of spinal nerves that contribute to the brachial plexus are torn?
Brachial Plexus Avulsion
What nerve will not be able to support the animals weight if its damaged?
Radial nerve
Which nerve cannot stabilize the shoulder or advance the limb if its damaged?
Suprascapular and Subscapular Nerve
If an animal is unable to lift the limb off the ground or flex the elbow, which nerve is damaged?
Musculocutaneous nerve
What is used to evaluate ascending pathways to the region of C8 to T1 that supply the cutaneous trunci muscle?
Panniculus reflex or cutaneous trunci reflex
Which nerve is going to supply the cutaneous trunci muscle?
Lateral thoracic nerve
What is the major blood supply to the thoracic limb of a dog?
Axillary a. –> brachial a. –> median a.
Which artery is going to arise from a common trunk with the lateral thoracic artery and supplies the superficial pectoral muscle?
External thoracic artery
Which of the following muscles does the lateral thoracic artery not supply?
a. Deep pectoral muscle
b. Latissimus dorsi muscle
c. Cutaneous trunci muscle
d. It supplies all the above
d. It supplies all the above
Where can you find the subscapular artery?
Between the teres major and subscapularis muscles
Which artery supplies the teres major and latissimus dorsi muscles?
Thoracodorsal artery
Which artery is found between the proximal humerus and teres major and supplies the muscles of the shoulder and proximal brachium, and shoulder joint capsule?
Caudal circumflex humeral artery
What are the muscles of the shoulder and proximal brachium?
Deltoideus muscle
Infraspinatus muscle
Coracobrachialis muscle
Part of the triceps brachii muscle
What does the cranial circumflex humeral artery supply?
Cranial aspect of the biceps brachii and shoulder joint capsule
What is the last branch of the axillary artery?
Cranial circumflex humeral artery
Which artery travels deep with the radial nerve?
Deep brachial artery
Which of the following supplies the biceps brachii muscle?
a. Deep brachial artery
b. Collateral ulnar artery
c. Common interosseus artery
d. Bicipital artery
d. Bicipital artery
Which of the following supplies the triceps brachii muscle and caudal elbow area?
a. Deep brachial artery
b. Collateral ulnar artery
c. Common interosseus artery
d. Bicipital artery
b. Collateral ulnar artery
What muscle does the deep brachial artery supply?
Triceps brachii muscle
Which of the two branches of the common interosseus artery supplies blood to the palmar aspect of the metacarpus?
Caudal interosseus artery
True/False. The ulnar artery provides nutrient vesels to the radius and ulna.
False. The caudal interosseus artery
Which caudal muscles of the antebrachium does the ulnar artery supply?
DDF
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Which artery is the principal source of blood to the paw that passes through the carpal canal with the DDF to supply the palmar surface of the paw?
Median artery
Which vein drains into the external jugular vein?
Cephalic vein
Which veins are common sites for venipuncture in the dog?
Cephalic vein
Accessory cephalic vein
True/False. The cephalic vein can be used for catheter placement in a dog.
True
Which vein prevents blood return from the distal limb in order to build pressure in the veins distal to the cubit for venipuncture purposes?
Median cubital vein
Which vein is the continuation of the median vein at the junction where the median vein drains into both median cubital and brachial veins?
Brachial vein
True/False. The brachial plexus is formed by the interconnecting branches arising from the primary ventral branches of spinal nerves C2-T2.
False. C6-T2
_____ nerve is going to innervate the superficial pectoral muscle and ___ nerve is going to innervate the deep pectoral muscle.
Cranial pectoral nerve; Caudal pectoral nerve
What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate in the dog?
Biceps brachii muscle
Brachialis muscle
Coracobrachialis muscle
Which nerve has an autonomous (cutaneous) innervation to the medial aspect of the antebrachium?
Musculocutaneous nerve
Which of the following nerves can result in instability of the glenohumeral joint if there is loss of innervation?
a. Subscapular nerve
b. Suprascapular nerve
c. Musculocutaneous nerve
d. Lateral thoracic nerve
b. Suprascapular nerve
The axillary nerve runs caudal to which artery?
Caudal circumflex humeral artery
Which nerves innervate the glenohumeral joint?
Axillary and Suprascarpular nerves
Which nerve innervates all extensor muscles of the elbow, carpus and digits?
a. Axillary nerve
b. Radial nerve
c. Median nerve
d. Ulnar nerve
b. Radial nerve
Which nerve innervates stabilizers of the shoulder?
a. Axillary nerve
b. Radial nerve
c. Median nerve
d. Ulnar nerve
a. Axillary nerve
What nerves innervate the elbow joint?
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Radial nerve
Which nerve will the animal be unable to bear weight if its damaged at the level of the brachial plexus?
a. Axillary nerve
b. Radial nerve
c. Median nerve
d. Ulnar nerve
b. Radial nerve
What nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Thoracodorsal nerve
What is the autonomous (cutaneous) innervation of the axillary nerve?
Caudal scapular region and craniolateral brachium
What is the autonomous (cutaneous) innervation of the radial nerve?
Cranial and lateral antebrachium and dorsal paw
Which of the following nerves innervates the pronators of the forelimb and flexors of the carpus and digits?
a. Axillary nerve
b. Radial nerve
c. Median nerve
d. Ulnar nerve
c. Median nerve
True/False. The median nerve and musculocutaneous nerve share a common trunk in the dog.
False. The MEDIAN and ULNAR in DOG
Which vessels pass through the carpal canal?
Median artery and nerve
Ulnar nerve
Which nerves supply sensation to the palmar surface of the paw?
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve
Which nerves innervate the carpus and digit joints?
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve
Radial nerve
What two structures does the ulnar nerve pass between?
Tuber olecranon
Medial epicondyle of the humerus
What does the ulnar nerve innervate?
Flexors of the carpus and digits on the lateral side (FCU and parts of DDF mm.)
Loss of cutaneous sensation to the lateral aspect of the paw and fifth digit indicates damage to which nerve?
Ulnar nerve
What is the arterial blood supply to the extensors of the carpus and digits?
Common interosseus artery
What muscles does the median nerve innervate that serve as flexors of the carpus and digit?
Pronator teres Pronator quadratus FCR SDF DDF
True/False. The thoracodorsal nerve supplies the cutaneous trunci muscle and the lateral thoracic nerve supplies the latissimus dorsi muscle.
False. Thoracodorsal = latissimus dorse
Lateral thoracic = cuntaneous trunci
In the horse the Median nerve shares a common trunk with which other nerve?
Musculocutaneous nerve
What is the arterial supply of the carpus in equine?
- Palmar branch of median a. + collateral ulnar a = lateral palmar a.
- Median a. –> Medial palmar a.
- Median a. –> Radial a.
What are the nerves located at the back of the equine that would be used for a four point block?
Medial and Lateral Palmar nerves
Medial and Lateral Palmar Metacarpal nerves
What landmark is used to located the medial cutaneous antebrachial nerve?
Lacertus fibrosis
What is the medial cutenous atebrachial nerve a branch off of in equine?
Musculocutaneous nerve
What is the most important and main blood supply to the equine distal limb?
Medial Palmar artery
True/False. The palmar branch of the ulnar nerve joins the lateral branch of the median nerve to make up the lateral palmar nerve.
True
The medial and lateral plamar metacarpal nerves are direct branches of the ______ nerve.
Deep branch of the lateral palmar nerve
What is the principal blood supply to the hoof?
Median artery
What structures pass through the carpal canal with the DDF in the equine thoracic limb?
Median artery and nerve
Ulnar nerve
Which nerve supplies the dorsal aspect of the equine metacarpus?
Ulnar nerve
Where can you find the radial nerve in the equine limb?
Between the long and medial heads of the triceps brachii muscle
What makes up the equine lateral palmar nerve?
Palmar branch of the ulnar nerve + Lateral branch of the median nerve = lateral palmar nerve
What are the branches of the median artery?
Radial artery
Medial palmar artery
True/False. Medial and Lateral palmar artery each give rise to the medial and lateral palmar digital artery in the horse.
False!!
Only Medial palmar artery gives rise to medial and lateral palmar digital artery
True/False. A branch of the median nerve supplying the coracobrachialis muscle is prominent in the horse.
False
Musculocutaneous nerve branch supplies the coracobrachialis muscle
What innervates most of the skin of the fetlock, the dorsal part of the pastern, dorsal aspect of the coronary band and dorsal laminae of the equine foot?
Dorsal branch of the medial and lateral palmar digital nerve
Which nerve has close association with the metacarpal bones and is located at the level of the carpus?
Deep branch of the lateral palmar nerve
Which nerves have close association with the axial surface of the medial and lateral splint bones?
Medial and lateral palmar metacarpal nerves
What is a palpable landmark to find the lateral thoracic artery and nerve?
Axillary lymph node
What are the ventral branches of the brachial plexus?
C7-T2
Which two nerves result in significant clinical signs of decreased ability to stabilize the shoulder if they are damaged?
Suprascapular nerve
Axillary nerve
Subscapular nerve has no significant clinical sings
The ___ branch of the median artery joins with the ____ artery to form the lateral palmar artery
Palmar branch; Collateral ulnar
The ___ branch of the median nerve joins with the _____ branch of the ____ nerve to form the lateral palmar nerve.
Lateral branch; palmar branch; Ulnar nerve
The communicating branch in the equine limb is between what two nerves at the level of the mid- metacarpus?
Medial palmar nerve
Lateral palmar nerve
In the dog the communicating branch is between which two nerves?
Musculocutaneous nerve
Median nerve
Which landmark is used to find the medial palmar digital artery and nerve?
Ligament of the ergot
What nerve is damaged in a cat who is unable to extend the carpus and digits, resulting in knuckling over?
Radial nerve
A dog sustained an injury to the dorsal aspect of his antebrachium. You poke his paw with a pin and determine that he has no sensation to the dorsal aspect of his paw over digits I - IV. Sensroy branches of which nerve have likely been damaged?
Radial nerve
Sinking of the carpus and fetlock is an indication of damage to which nerves?
Median and Ulnar nerves
Which nerve is proximal to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?
Radial nerve
What nerves are located proximal to the medial epicondyle of the humerus?
Ulnar nerve
Median nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
When performing a ring block what nerves would be blocked on the lateral side of the distal limb?
Radial nerve
Ulnar nerve
What nerves would be blocked on the medial side of the forelimb for a ring block?
Median nerve
Some of the ulnar nerve
Superficial branch of the radial nerve
Which of the following arteries supplies blood to the elbow joint capsule?
a. Caudal circumflex humeral artery
b. Bicipital artery
c. Common interosseous artery
d. Collateral ulnar
d. Collateral ulnar
The axillary artery transitions to the brachial artery after giving off which artery?
Cranial circumflex humeral artery
Which two arteries mark the transition between the brachial artery to the median artery?
a. Bicipital and common interosseous
b. Common interosseous and collateral ulnar
c. Common interosseous and deep antebrachial
d. Collateral ulnar and deep antebrachial
c. Common interosseous and deep antebrachial
Which artery is clinically relevant in relation to antebrachial fractures and it provides the nutrient vessels to the radius and ulna?
a. Collateral ulnar artery
b. Ulnar artery
c. Cranial interosseous artery
d. Caudal interosseous artery
d. Caudal interosseous artery
When placing an IV catheter or collecting blood in the cephalic vein, which nerve would you be worried about potentially hitting?
Superficial branch of the Radial nerve
Which of the following arteries supply the biceps brachii?
a. Cranial circumflex humeral artery and collateral ulnar
b. Depp brachial artery
c. Bicipital artery
d. Cranial cricumflex humeral and bicipital artery
d. Cranial cricumflex humeral and bicipital artery
Which arteries supply the shoulder joint capsule?
a. Cranial and Caudal circumflex humeral aa.
b. Cranial circumflex humeral and Collateral ulnar aa.
c. Deep brachial and caudal circumflex humeral aa.
d. Thoracodorsal and caudal circumflex humeral aa.
a. Cranial and Caudal circumflex humeral aa.
Which artery provides collateral circulation to the palmar aspect of the metacarpus in the equine limb?
Radial artery
