General Proprioception & Nociception

Question 1

What are the two ways to categorize receptors?

Answer 1

1. According to the adequate stimulus

2. According to the location in the body

Question 2

Which receptor gives information about the external environment and tells the body what is going on with the outside environment?

Answer 2

Exteroception

Question 3

Which receptor provides information about the position and movement of the body and where the limbs are in space?

Answer 3

Proprioception

Question 4

What is interoception?

Answer 4

Stretch receptors in organs, Visceral pain perception

Question 5

Axons that enter the dorsal horn and ascend ipsilaterally travel through dorsal or ventral columns?

Answer 5

Dorsal

Question 6

What are the two major conscious general proprioceptive pathways?

Answer 6

Fasciulus gracilis

Fasciculus cuneatus

Question 7

What is the name of the relay that the dorsal column GP conscious pathways use to ascend ispilaterally and decussate in the medulla to get to the cerebral cortex?

Answer 7

Contralateral relay

Question 8

Proprioceptors cranial to level T6 have axons that ascending into the ____ while the ones caudal to level T6 ascend into _____

Answer 8

Fasciculus cuneatus

Fasciculus gracilis

Question 9

What is the name of the pathway that has ascending CP from the face?

Answer 9

Trigeminal Medial Leminiscal Pathway

Question 10

What would be the gait abnormalities seen with proprioceptive ataxia?

Answer 10

Abnormally wide swing phase of gait
Hypermetria (excessive flexion)
Longer stride

Question 11

What are the three different forms of ataxia?

Answer 11

Proprioceptive
Vestibular
Cerebellar

Question 12

What are the clinical sings of general proprioceptive ataxia?

Answer 12

Abnormal postural reactions

CP deficits

Question 13

True/False. Axons of DCML are large and heavily myelinated fibers and are therefore not as vulnerable to compression.

Answer 13

False. They are MORE vulnerable to compression

Question 14

What are examples of postural response tests?

Answer 14

Proprioceptive positioning
Wheelbarrowing
Hopping
Hemistanding/Hemiwalking
Placing (with and without vision)

Question 15

What are the two main nociceptive nerve fiber types?

Answer 15

Myelinated (A-delta) neuron fibers

Unmyelinated (C) Neuron fibers

Question 16

Which of the following is false regarding unmyelinated neuron fibers?

a. Slow conducting, not as accurate
b. Require a high threshold stimulus in order to be activated
c. Perceived as dull, aching, burning, throbbing pain that persists after noxious stimulus is removed
d. All the above are true

Answer 16

d. All the above are true

Question 17

Which ascending nociceptive pathway transmits deep pain and visceral pain?

Answer 17

Spinoretucular tracts

Question 18

Which of the following is false regarding Wind-up?

a. Occurs with rapid, continuous firing of primary nociceptive afferents
b. Repeated stimulation of myelinated fibers resulting in sustained, amplified depolarization of spinal cord neurons
c. Prolonged noxious stimulus leads to greater sensitivity
d. All the above are true

Answer 18

b. Repeated stimulation of myelinated fibers resulting in sustained, amplified depolarization of spinal cord neurons
- its stimulation of UNMYELINATED (C) type fibers

Question 19

What is the role of the inflammatory mediators that are released by injured tissues?

Answer 19

Directly stimulate nociceptors

Lower the threshold of nociceptors

Question 20

What are the different ways to process noxious stimuli?

Answer 20

Transduction
Transmission
Modulation
Projection
Perception

Question 21

What are the different ways to process noxious stimuli?

Answer 21

Transduction
Transmission
Modulation
Projection
Perception

Question 22

What are the two kinds of reactions when nociceptors are stimulated?

Answer 22

Superficial pain perception

Deep pain perception

Question 23

Myelinated Neuron fibers are ____ conducting with ____ localization.

Answer 23

Fast

Accurate

Question 24

How are myelinated neuron fibers activated?

Answer 24

Mechanical and temperature stimuli in the painful realm

Question 25

Which of the ascending nociceptive pathways transmit superficial pain as well as tactile sensation?

Answer 25

Spinocervicothalamic and spinothalamic tracts

Question 26

True/False. Spinoreticular tracts are discriminate, meaning we can identify where the pain is coming from.

Answer 26

False. They are indiscriminate and we can’t accurately identify where the pain is coming from

Question 27

Which of the following tracts decussate or remain ispsilateral and eventually get to the cortex, making sure you are highly alert?

a. Spnocervicothalamic Tract
b. Spinothalamic Tract
c. Spinoreticular Tract
d. All the above

Answer 27

c. Spinoreticular Tract

Question 28

Reflex and conscious pain perception is transmitted by which nerve?

Answer 28

Trigeminal (CN V) nerve

Question 29

____ pain arises from trauma or inflammation and ____ pain will persist for a long time after a disease/ injury.

Answer 29

Acute pain

Chronic pain

Question 30

What are two examples of referred pain?

Answer 30

Kidney

Heart attack

Question 31

What is hyperalgesia?

Answer 31

Minimal noxious stimuli that produce greater than normal nociceptive activity

Question 32

What is allodynia?

Answer 32

An innucuous stimuli (tough) that provokes a pain response

Question 33

What is the purpose of the gait control theory?

Answer 33

Block nociceptive pathways from reaching the cortex to alter pain perception

Question 34

Which stimuli provoke itch/ pruritis?

Answer 34

Pressure
Thermal stimuli
Electricity
Chemicals (histamine)

Question 35

True/False. Nociceptive pathways don’t block itch perception which is why a painful stimulus can relieve itching.

Answer 35

False. They DO block itch perception

Question 36

What are examples of behavioral responses to superficial and deep pain?

Answer 36

Head turning
Growling
Biting
Whimpering