General Proprioception & Nociception Flashcards
What are the two ways to categorize receptors?
- According to the adequate stimulus
2. According to the location in the body
Which receptor gives information about the external environment and tells the body what is going on with the outside environment?
Exteroception
Which receptor provides information about the position and movement of the body and where the limbs are in space?
Proprioception
What is interoception?
Stretch receptors in organs, Visceral pain perception
Axons that enter the dorsal horn and ascend ipsilaterally travel through dorsal or ventral columns?
Dorsal
What are the two major conscious general proprioceptive pathways?
Fasciulus gracilis
Fasciculus cuneatus
What is the name of the relay that the dorsal column GP conscious pathways use to ascend ispilaterally and decussate in the medulla to get to the cerebral cortex?
Contralateral relay
Proprioceptors cranial to level T6 have axons that ascending into the ____ while the ones caudal to level T6 ascend into _____
Fasciculus cuneatus
Fasciculus gracilis
What is the name of the pathway that has ascending CP from the face?
Trigeminal Medial Leminiscal Pathway
What would be the gait abnormalities seen with proprioceptive ataxia?
Abnormally wide swing phase of gait
Hypermetria (excessive flexion)
Longer stride
What are the three different forms of ataxia?
Proprioceptive
Vestibular
Cerebellar
What are the clinical sings of general proprioceptive ataxia?
Abnormal postural reactions
CP deficits
True/False. Axons of DCML are large and heavily myelinated fibers and are therefore not as vulnerable to compression.
False. They are MORE vulnerable to compression
What are examples of postural response tests?
Proprioceptive positioning Wheelbarrowing Hopping Hemistanding/Hemiwalking Placing (with and without vision)
What are the two main nociceptive nerve fiber types?
Myelinated (A-delta) neuron fibers
Unmyelinated (C) Neuron fibers
Which of the following is false regarding unmyelinated neuron fibers?
a. Slow conducting, not as accurate
b. Require a high threshold stimulus in order to be activated
c. Perceived as dull, aching, burning, throbbing pain that persists after noxious stimulus is removed
d. All the above are true
d. All the above are true
Which ascending nociceptive pathway transmits deep pain and visceral pain?
Spinoretucular tracts
Which of the following is false regarding Wind-up?
a. Occurs with rapid, continuous firing of primary nociceptive afferents
b. Repeated stimulation of myelinated fibers resulting in sustained, amplified depolarization of spinal cord neurons
c. Prolonged noxious stimulus leads to greater sensitivity
d. All the above are true
b. Repeated stimulation of myelinated fibers resulting in sustained, amplified depolarization of spinal cord neurons
- its stimulation of UNMYELINATED (C) type fibers
What is the role of the inflammatory mediators that are released by injured tissues?
Directly stimulate nociceptors
Lower the threshold of nociceptors
What are the different ways to process noxious stimuli?
Transduction Transmission Modulation Projection Perception
What are the different ways to process noxious stimuli?
Transduction Transmission Modulation Projection Perception
What are the two kinds of reactions when nociceptors are stimulated?
Superficial pain perception
Deep pain perception
Myelinated Neuron fibers are ____ conducting with ____ localization.
Fast
Accurate
How are myelinated neuron fibers activated?
Mechanical and temperature stimuli in the painful realm
Which of the ascending nociceptive pathways transmit superficial pain as well as tactile sensation?
Spinocervicothalamic and spinothalamic tracts
True/False. Spinoreticular tracts are discriminate, meaning we can identify where the pain is coming from.
False. They are indiscriminate and we can’t accurately identify where the pain is coming from
Which of the following tracts decussate or remain ispsilateral and eventually get to the cortex, making sure you are highly alert?
a. Spnocervicothalamic Tract
b. Spinothalamic Tract
c. Spinoreticular Tract
d. All the above
c. Spinoreticular Tract
Reflex and conscious pain perception is transmitted by which nerve?
Trigeminal (CN V) nerve
____ pain arises from trauma or inflammation and ____ pain will persist for a long time after a disease/ injury.
Acute pain
Chronic pain
What are two examples of referred pain?
Kidney
Heart attack
What is hyperalgesia?
Minimal noxious stimuli that produce greater than normal nociceptive activity
What is allodynia?
An innucuous stimuli (tough) that provokes a pain response
What is the purpose of the gait control theory?
Block nociceptive pathways from reaching the cortex to alter pain perception
Which stimuli provoke itch/ pruritis?
Pressure
Thermal stimuli
Electricity
Chemicals (histamine)
True/False. Nociceptive pathways don’t block itch perception which is why a painful stimulus can relieve itching.
False. They DO block itch perception
What are examples of behavioral responses to superficial and deep pain?
Head turning
Growling
Biting
Whimpering
