Large Animal Urogenital Flashcards
What are the layers of the scrotum from outer to inner?
- Skin
- Tunica dartos
- Spermatic fascia
- Parietal vaginal tunic
- Vaginal cavity
- Visceral vaginal tunic
- Tunica Albuginea
What structures are found with in the scrotum?
- Testicles
- Epididymis
- Distal portion of the spermatic cord
What are the two muscles that are temperature regulators for the scrotum?
Cremaster muscle
Tunica Dartos
Which of the following is TRUE regarding a closed castration?
a. Incise through the skin, tunica dartos muscle, and separate the spermatic fascia from the parietal vaginal tunic.
b. Incise through the skin, tunica dartos muscle, spermatic fascia, and the parietal vaginal tunic.
c. The vaginal cavity is exposed to the external environment.
d. All of the above are true
a. Incise through the skin, tunica dartos muscle, and separate the spermatic fascia from the parietal vaginal tunic.
What is found within the spermatic cord?
Ductus Deferens
Testicular artery and vein
In the stallion, the seminal vesicle opens into the urethra and the ductus deferens at the ____.
Colliculus seminalis
What supplies blood to the ductus deferens, and where does it branch off of?
Artery of the ductus deferes, branch from the internal pudendal artery
The artery of the ductus deferens is a branch from which artery in the bull?
Umbilical artery
Which animals have a musculocavernosus penis?
Stallion
Dog
Tom
Which animals have a fibroelastic penis?
Bull
Boar
Ram
Buck
True/ False. A muscolocavernous type of penis contains a sigmoid flexure.
False. Fibroelastic type of penis
Which of the following muscles of the penis extends down the caudal and ventral surface, overlapping the bulb of the penis?
a. Ischiocavernosus m.
b. Urethralis m.
c. Bulbospongiosus m.
d. Retractor penis m.
c. Bulbospongiosus m.
Which of the following muscles is located at the root of the penis and is paired?
a. Ischiocavernosus m.
b. Urethralis m.
c. Bulbospongiosus m.
d. Retractor penis m.
a. Ischiocavernosus m.
Which of the following animal(s) does not have an ampulla of the ductus deferens gland?
a. Stallion
b. Ram
c. Dog
d. Boar
c. Dog
d. Boar
True/False. The buck, bull, stallion, and ram contain all four accessory sex glands.
True
What is the name for the diverticulum of the fossa glandis where smegma can accumulate in the stallion?
Urethral sinus
What is the main blood supply to the penis of the bull, boar, ram, and dog and what is the parent branch of this artery?
Artery of the penis which comes from the internal pudendal artery which comes from the internal iliac artery
What is the artery supply for the stallion and where do they come from?
- Internal iliac a.–> internal pudendal a. –> artery of the penis
- external iliac a. –> pudendoepigastric trunk –> external pudendal a. –> cranial artery of the penis
- Internal iliac a. –> caudal gluteal a. –> cranial gluteal a. –> obturator a. –> middle artery of the penis
What erectile tissue surrounds the penile urethra, extending the entire length of the penis?
Corpus spongiosum
What is located in the pelvic urethra that are ejactulatory orifices and openings for the prostate glands?
Colliculus seminalis
What areas do you swab for CEM in the stallion?
Distal urethra (process)
Fossa glandis
Urethral sinus
Shaft of the penis and prepuce
What is found in the boar that gives off a foul smelling fluid containing a pheromone?
Preputial diverticulum
What is the main role of the accessory sex glands?
Produce the seminal plasma
The bull, ram, and boar contain what kind of prostate?
Disseminate prostate
What kind of prostate is visible, located outside the urethralis muscle, and is found in the stallion, bull, dog, and tom?
Corpus prostate
Which animal has a very large and prominant bulbourethral gland?
Boar
True/False. The mare has a rounded dorsal commissure and a pointed ventral commissure.
False. This is true for the cow and the opposite for the mare
Which animals have a sigmoid flexure penis?
Bull/Billy/Buck/Ram
Boar
Which animal has a spiraled apex penis?
Boar
What is the fossa glandis?
Depression within the glans that surrounds the urethral process
Which species contains a preputial fold and ring of the prepuce?
Stallion
What areas do you swab for CEM testing in the female equine?
Clitoral sinuses
Clitoral fossa
Cervix (pregnant of mid cycle) or endometrium (estrus)
What is the name of the structure found in cows, and sows that is said to complicate urinary catheterization?
Suburethral diverticulum
Which artery supplies the rectum, anus, & perineum as well as the vagina, bladder, and ureters in the mare?
Internal pudendal artery
Which nerves provide sensory innervation to the mammary glands in the bovine?
Iliohypogastric nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve
Genitofemoral nerve
Pudendal nerve
Which animal contains a short neck of the bladder?
Cow
What are the mammary lymph nodes known as?
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
What artery supplies the uterus and bladder of the bovine?
Umbilical artery
The lateral laminae in the udders originates from the ___.
Symphyseal tendon
Which artery in the mare supplies the vagina, bladder, ureters, and distal uterus?
Vaginal artery
Name the main blood supply to the mammary glands in the bitch, queen, and sow.
Cranial and caudal superficial epigastric arteries
Arterial blood supply to the mare and ruminant mammary gland is supplied by:
External pudendal artery: cranial and caudal mammary arteries
Which artery supplies the ureters, bladder, and ductus deferens in the bull?
Umbilica artery
Name the lymphatic vessel in the cow that lies between the deep circumflex and external iliac arteries.
Deep inguinal lymph node
Name the structure that is a connection between the horns of the cow uterus.
Intercornual ligaments
Which artery supplies the uterine body in the bovine?
Uterine artery
Which artery supplies the vagina and distal uterus in the bovine?
Vaginal artery
Which species has a cotyledonary placenta?
Large and small ruminants
Which species has a diffuse placenta?
Equine
Which species has a zonary placenta?
Dogs and cats
In bovine, which region are the ovaries located?
Pelvic region, lateroventral aspect
In equine, which region are the ovaries located?
Lumbar region
Is the uterine artery in the mare a branch off the internal iliac artery or the external iliac artery?
External iliac artery
The ___ of the female is the body wall that surrounds the anus and vulva, and covers the pelvic outlet.
Perineum
Renal lobes are unique in which species?
Bovine
Which artery supplies the ovaries and cranial part of the uterus in the mare?
Ovarian artery
In the cow, the caudal superficial epigastric vein and cranial superficial epigastric vein anastamose to form ____.
Milk vein
In which species does the cervix protrude into the vagina?
Bovine and Equine
In the cow, which artery is palpable rectally and is used for pregnancy diagnosis?
Uterine artery
Where are the testis located in the stallion?
Pubic region
What is the name of the diverticulum surrounding the external ostium of the uterus, which must be avoided during insemination?
Vaginal fornix
Name the convex structure found within the uterus of the cow that forms attachments with the fetal membranes.
Caruncles
True/False. The mare has circular folds within the cervix and the cow has longitudinal folds.
False. Mare = longitudinal folds, Cow = circular folds
What is so distinct about the sow cervix that projects into the lumen, and close off the cervical canal except during estrus and parturition?
They have interdigitating mucosal prominences
What is the uterine artery a branch off of in the cow?
Umbilical artery
Where does fertilication occur?
Uterine tube
What are the three parts of the uterine tube, that open into the uterine horn?
Infundibulum with the fibria
Ampulla
Isthmus
Which animals have a bicornuate/bipartite type of uterus?
Sow Cow Mare Bitch Queen
True/False. Primates have a duplex type cervix and rodents and rabbits have a simplex type cervix.
False. Primates have simplex and rodents and rabbits have a duplex
Which is the only region on the surface of the ovary where ovulation can occur in the mare?
ovulation fossa
How many mammary glands/ quarters does the cow have, and how many gland systems does it have?
4 Quarters
1 Gland system
How many teats does the mare have and how many sinuses does each teat receive content from? How many duct systems does each gland contain?
2 teats
2 lactiferous sinuses/ teat
2 duct systems
The cranial superficial epigastric vein will perforate the abdominal wall near the xiphoid cartilage and is known as the ____.
milk well
What vein is cranial to the milk well?
Internal thoracic vein
Together the maternal caruncles and the fetal cotyledons from a ___.
Placentome
True/False. The diffuse and cotyledonary placenta are epithelichoiral, while the zonary placenta is endotheliochorial.
True.
Which animal is known to have a long cervix?
Sow
What separates the vagina and vestibule and is a distict transverse fold in the mare?
Hymen
