vertebral column + thoracic cage muscles Flashcards
1
Q
A
1
Q
anatomical position
A
feet flat on floor, palms facing outwards, head looking straight Infront
2
Q
superficial
A
toward/closer to body surface
3
Q
deep
A
away from body surface/toward interior of body
4
Q
medial
A
toward the midline
5
Q
lateral
A
away from midline
6
Q
proximal
A
toward an attached base
7
Q
distal
A
away from an attached base
8
Q
posterior
A
toward the back, behind
9
Q
anterior
A
toward the front, in front of
10
Q
superficial
A
toward/closer to body surface
11
Q
deep
A
away from body surface/toward interior of body
12
Q
superior
A
higher
13
Q
inferior
A
lower
14
Q
planes of section
A
-coronal/frontal
-sagittal (mid-sagittal)
-transverse/horizontal
15
Q
coronal/frontal
A
anterior/posterior
-cuts into a front half and back half
16
Q
sagittal (mid-sagittal)
A
right/left sides
17
Q
transverse/horizontal plane
A
superior/inferior
-cut into upper and lower halves
18
Q
what can the skeleton be divided into?
A
axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
19
Q
axial skeleton
A
-bones of the skull
-accessory bones
-vertebral column
-thoracic cage (ribs, sternum, thoracic vertebrae)
20
Q
appendicular skeleton
A
-upper limbs and pectoral girdle
-lower limbs and pelvic girdle
21
Q
how many bones are in the vertebral column
A
26
vertebrae
sacrum
coccyx
22
Q
how many vertebrae
A
24 vertebrae
-7 cervical
-12 thoracic
-5 lumbar
23
Q
function of vertebral column
A
-column of support
-protection of spinal cord, passage for nerves
-attachment site for muscles
24
foramen
hole
25
process
projection
26
what does the intervertebral foramen do?
allows for passage of nerves
27
facet
smooth, flat surface
28
what do intervertebral discs do? and parts of them
-they help to support with cushioning and movement
contain:
- nucleus pulposus(middle of it)
-annulus fibrosis(outside ring)
29
about features of cervical vertebrae
size-small
spinous process- bifid (split into 2 ends)
vertebral body- oval
-has transverse foramen
30
about features of thoracic vertebrae
size-medium
spinous process- downward sloping
vertebral body- heart shaped
-costal facets for ribs
31
about features of lumber vertebrae
size- large
spinous process- short, stumpy
vertebral body- kidney shaped
-no articular facets
32
what are the atypical vertebrae
C1 atlas and C2 axis
-C1: allows the "no" motion, has dens
-C2: has the projection
33
functions of the thoracic cage
-encloses and protects viscera of the thoracic cavity
-acts as an anchor for muscles (for upper limb, scapula)
34
parts of the thoracic cage
-sternum
-12 pairs of ribs
-thoracic spine (T1-T12)
35
parts of the sternum
-manubrium
(sternal angle)
-body
-xiphoid process
(articulation sites for ribs)
-clavicular notch (clavicle joins the manubrium here)
36
how many ribs are there
12 pairs of ribs
- true ribs (1-7): articulate directly with the sternum via costal cartilage
- false ribs 8-10: articulate indirectly via fused costal cartilage
- floating ribs 11 & 12: no anterior articulation
37
how do most ribs articulate with sternum
via costal cartilage
-gives elasticity of the thoracic cage
38
tubercle
bump/prominence
39
anatomy of a typical rib with a thoracic vertebrae
tubercle: articulates with transverse process of thoracic vertebrae
head: articulates with body of the thoracic vertebrae (via costal facet)
40
pectoralis major (OIAI)
origin- anterior surface of clavicle, anterior surface of sternum, external oblique aponeurosis, ribs costal cartilage
insertion- intertubercle of groove
action- adducts, flexes, medially rotates arm
innervation- medial & lateral pectoral
41
what are the 5 thoracic cage superficial muscles
- pectoralis major
- pectoralis minor
- subclavius
- serratus anterior
- serratus posterior
42
pectoralis minor
origin: ribs 3-5
intersection: coracoid process of scapula
action: pulls scapula down and anteriorly
innervation: medial pectoral n.
43
subclavius
origin: 1st rib
insertion: interior surface of clavicle
action: pulls down and stabilizes clavicle
innervation: C5-C6 subclavian
44
serratus anterior
origin: surface of ribs 1-8
insertion: medial border of scapula on the costal surface
action: protract scapula, elevate ribs
innervation: long thoracic n.
45
serratus posterior-superior
Origin: C7-T3 spinous processes
Insertion: superior borders of ribs 2-4
Action: elevates upper ribs
Innervation: T1-T4 ventral rami
46
serratus posterior- inferior
Origin: T11-L2 spinous processes
Insertion: inferior border of ribs 9-12
Action: depresses lower ribs
Innervation: T9-T12 anterior rami
47
which of the following muscles does NOT originate on the ribs?
A) pectoralis minor
B)subclavius
C)serratus anterior
D)serratus posterior superior
D)
48
what are the thoracic cage deep muscles
-external intercostals
-internal intercostals
-innermost intercostals
-transversus thoracis
-subcostales
49
external intercostals
Origin: inferior border of ribs
Insertion: superior border of the rib below
Action: elevate ribs (inspiration)
Innervation: intercostals nerves
50
internal intercostals
Origin: inferior borders of ribs
Insertion: superior border of the rib below
Action: lower ribs (expiration)
Innervation: intercostal nerves
51
how can you tell the difference between external and internal intercostals
function: External help with inspiration, internal help with expiration
muscles fibers: external run medially, internal run laterally
52
innermost intercostals
Origin: inferior border of ribs
Insertion: superior border of rib below
Action: lower ribs (expiration)
Innervation: intercostal nerves
53
transvers thoracis
Origin: pleural surface of ribs 2-6 (anteriorly)
Insertion: posterior surface of sternum, xiphoid process
Action: lowers ribs (expiration)
Innervation: intercostal nerves
54
subcostales
Origin: pleural surface of lower ribs (posteriorly)
Insertion: superior border of ribs below; lower ribs
Action: contracts, pulls ribs down (expiration)
Innervation: intercostals nerves
55
diaphragm
Origin: xiphoid process of sternum, L1-L4 vertebra, costal arch of ribs 7-12
Insertion: central tendon of diaphragm
Action: contracts and compresses abdomen (inspiration); relaxes (expiration) make room for more air
Innervation: phrenic n.
*C3, 4, 5, keeps the diaphragm alive*
56
what are the muscles in expiration
- internal intercostals
- innermost intercostals
- transversus thoracis
- subcostales
- diaphragm
57
primary muscles of inspiration
-external intercostals
-diaphragm
58
accessory muscles of inspiration
-scalenes
-sternocleidomastoid
59
primary muscles of expiration
-diaphragm
-internal intercostals
60
accessory muscles of expiration
-innermost intercostals
-anterior abdominal wall muscles
61
blood supply- anterior (right side)
right side:
1. arch of aorta
2.branchiocephalic artery
3. R. subclavian artery
4. R. internal thoracic artery
5. anterior intercostal arteries
62
blood supply- anterior (left side)
left:
1. arch of aorta
2. L. subclavian artery
3. L. internal thoracic artery
4. anterior intercostal arteries
63
what does the right side of blood supply (anterior) have not NOT the left
brachiocephalic artery
64
blood supply - posterior
1. arch of aorta
2. descending thoracic aorta
3. posterior intercostal arteries
65
venous drainage
1. hemiazygos vein
2. accessory hemiazygos vein
3. azygos vein
4. superior vena cava
66
