bones and joints of pelvic girdle and hip Flashcards
innominate
three fused bones
- ilium
- pubis
- ischium
features of ilium medial view
- iliac crest
- iliac fossa
- anterior superior iliac spine
- anterior inferior iliac spine
- arcuate line
- auricular surface
- iliac tuberosity
- posterior superior iliac spine
- posterior inferior iliac spine
- greater sciatic notch
ilium features lateral view
- gluteal surface
- iliac crest
- PSIS
- PIIS
- greater sciatic notch
- AISS
- ASIS
ischium features medial and lateral view
- ischial spine
- lesser sciatic notch
- ischial tuberosity
- ischial ramus
pubis features medial and lateral view
- pectineal line (medial)
- symphyseal surface (medial)
- inferior pubic ramus
- body
- superior pubic ramus
shared features
arcuate and pectineal line = iliopectineal line
- acetabulum
- obturator foramen
- ischiopubic ramus
how to tell difference between male and female pelvis
female- wider subpubic angle
male- smaller subpubic angle
what is true
a) the ischium has four spines
b) the symphyseal surface is located medially
c) the subpubic angle is approx 90 degrees in males
d) the acetabulum is shared by only the pubic and the ilium
b)
bones of the pelvic girdle
- innominate
- sacrum
- coccyx
- pelvic inlet
- pelvic outlet
features of sacrum
- sacral ala (anterior)
- sacral promontory (anterior)
- anterior sacral foramina (anterior)
- sacral canal (posterior)
- posterior sacral foramina
- sacral hiatus (posterior)
features of sacrum
auricular surface
pelvic inlet borders
anterior: pubic symphysis
posterior: sacral promontory and ala
lateral: iliopectineal line
pelvic outlet borders
anterior: pubic arch
posterior: coccyx
lateral: ischial tuberosity
false pelvis
superior to the pelvic outlet
true pelvis
between the inlet and outlet
what is true
a) the lateral borders of the pelvic inlet are the iliopectineal lines
b) the false pelvic is located inferior to the pelvic inlet
c) the posterior border of the pelvic outlet is the sacral promontory
d) the true pelvis contains abdominal viscera
a)
pubic symphysis joint
- fibrocartilaginous
sacroiliac joint
sacrum + ilium
- auricular surfaces
sacroiliac ligament
sacrum to the ilium
- support the trunk of the lower limbs
sacrospinous ligament
sacrum + ischial spine
- helps form an opening
sacrotuberous ligaments
- posterior superior iliac spine
- sacrum
- ischial tuberosity
inguinal ligaments
- anterior superior iliac spine
- pubis
sciatic foramina
- sacrospinous ligament helps form it
- greater sciatic foramen
- lesser sciatic foramen
which ligament is matched with the correct attachment sites
a) inguinal ligament —> PSIS and pubis
b) sacroiliac ligament—> arcuate surfaces of the ilium and sacrum
c) sacrotuberous ligament—> PSIS, sacrum and ischial tuberosity
d) sacrospinous ligament—> spinous process of L5 and sacrum
c)
hip joint
- synovial ball and socket
- stability > mobility
- circumduction
acetabulum (contents)
- lunate surface
- acetabular labrum
- fovea
what is attached to the femoral head
ligamentous teres
supporting ligaments of the hip
iliofemoral ligament
pubofemoral ligament
ischiofemoral ligament
iliofemoral ligament
ilium–> femur
- ‘Y’ ligament
- prevent hyperextension
pubofemoral ligament
pubis–> femur
- prevent excessive abduction
ischiofemoral ligament
ischiomen–> femur
- prevent hyperextension
- mostly posterior
features of femur (proximal)
- head
- neck
- greater trochanter
- trochanteric fossa (posterior)
- lesser trochanter
- intertrochanter crest (posterior)
- intertrochanteric line
- gluteal tuberosity (posterior)
ischiococcygenus
origin: sacrum (inferior end)
insertion: ischial spine
action: supports pelvic viscera
levator ani
origin: pubis, superior pubic ramus
insertion: anococcygeal ligament, coccyx
action: supports pelvic viscera
what are the two hiatuses
- anal hiatus
- urogenital hiatus
functions of the pelvic floor
- supports abdominal and pelvic viscera
- forms the anal and urogenital hiatuses
- resists increases in intra-abdominal pressure
select the correct statment
a) there are 4 muscles in the levator ani groups
b) ischioccygeus inserts on the ischial spine
c) levator ani originates from the ilium
d) the pelvic floor muscles resist decreases in intra-abdominal pressure
b) ischioccygeus inserts on the ischial spine
lateral rotators muscles
- piriformis
- obturator internus
- obturator externus
- gemellus superior
- gemellus inferior
- quadratus femoris
piriformis
Origin: pelvic surface of the sacrum
Insertion: apex of the greater trochanter of the femur
action: lateral rotation, abduction and extension of the hip joint
sciatic nerve
origin: lumbosacral plexus (L4, L5,S1,S2,S3)
close relationship with piriformis
obturator externus
Origin: outer surface of the obturator membrane
Insertion: trochanteric fossa of the femur
action: lateral rotation and adduction of the hip joint
obturator internus
Origin: inner surface of the obturator membrane
Insertion: medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur
action: lateral rotation, adduction, and extension of the hip joint
gemellus superior
Origin: ischial spine
Insertion: medial surface greater trochanter (with obturator internus tendon)
action: lateral rotation, adduction, and extension of the hip joint
gemellus inferior
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial surface greater trochanter (with obturator internus tendon)
action: lateral rotation, adduction, and extension of the hip joint
gemellus sandwich
- gemellus superior
- obturator internus
- gemellus inferior
quadratus femoris
Origin: lateral border of ischial tuberosity
Insertion: intertrochanteric crest of femur
action: lateral rotation and adduction of the hip joint
select the correct statement
a) gemellus inferior originates on the ischial spine
b) obturator internus laterally rotates, abducts and extends the hip joint
c) obturator externus originates on the outer surface of the obturator membrane
d) gemellus superior originates on the ischial tuberosity
c) obturator externus originates on the outer surface of the obturator membrane
gluteus maximus
Origin: sacrum, ilium, thoracolumbar fascia, sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of the femur
action: extension, lateral rotation, adduction
gluteus medius
Origin: ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of the femur
action: abduction of the hip joint
gluteus minimums
Origin: ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of the femur
action: abduction of the hip joint
tensor fasciae latae (TFL)
Origin: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Insertion: iliotibial tract
action: abduction, flexion, and medial rotation of the hip joint
select the correct one
a) TFL abducts, extends, and internally rotates the hip joint
b) TFL originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine
c) gluteus Medius originates from the thoracolumbar fascia
d) gluteus maximus extends and laterally rotates the hip joint
d)
gluteal muscles
- gluteus maximums
- gluteus Medius
- gluteus minimums
- tensor fasciae latae
