blood supply and innervation + bones of the knee and thigh Flashcards
femoral artery
- enters the lower limb at inguinal ligament
- travels down the anteromedial aspect of the thigh
- passes through the adductor canal
- supplies ANTERIOR THIGH
what does the femoral artery supply
anterior thigh
femoral artery branches
profunda femoris (off femoral artery)
lateral and medial circumflex femoral arteries (off profunda femoris)
profunda femoris
- passes between muscles of the medial compartment
- pierces the medial compartment muscles
- supplies blood to the POSTERIOR THIGH
where does the profunda femoris supply
to posterior thigh
lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA)
- short branch of the femoral artery
- curves around the neck of femur = “circumflex”
- contribute blood:
anterior thigh
hip joint
where does the LCFA supply
anterior thigh and hip joint
medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA)
- posteromedial branch of deep femoral artery
- courses around neck of femur
- emerges un gluteal region
- supplies:
posterior thigh
hip joint
where does the MCFA supply
posterior thigh
hip joint
what is in the popliteal fossa
- popliteal artery
- geniculate arteries
- posterior recurrent tibial artery
- anterior tibial artery
- posterior tibial artery
popliteal artery
- enters leg at the base of the popliteal fossa
supplies : - knee joint
- superficial posterior leg
where does the popliteal artery supply
- knee joint
- superficial posterior leg
posterior tibial recurrent artery
- branches laterally from popliteal artery
- moves superior = “recurrent”
- supplies blood:
proximal end of the fibula
tibia
where does posterior tibial recurrent artery supply
proximal end of the fibula
tibia
anterior tibial artery
- originates posteriorly
- branches laterally
- pierces interossues membrane
anterior tibial arteries
- runs deep on top of the interosseus membrane
- terminates in foot
- supplies blood to anterior leg
what does the anterior tibial artery branch into
anterior tibial recurrent artery
- terminates superiorly at the anterior knee joint
- supplied blood to knee joint
what does the anterior tibial artery supply
anterior leg
posterior tibial arteries
- runs between the superfifcal and deep posterior muscle group
- terminates in foot
- supplies: deep posterior leg
what braches off the posterior tibial artery
fibular artery
fibular artery
runs down parallel and lateral to tibial artery
supplies:
- lateral leg
- superficial posterior leg
where does the fibular artery supply
- lateral leg
- superficial posterior leg
dorsalis pedis artery
- enters via anterior tibial artery
- bifurcates at the dorsum of the foot
- deep plantar artery branches posteriorly
supplies:
dorsum of the foot
digits
posterior tibial artery to the foot
- curves under the medial calcaneus
- lateral and medial plantar arteries
- deep plantar arch
- deep plantar arteriers
- supplies plantar of foot and digits
veins of the foot
- anterior tibial veins
- great saphenous vein
- dorsal venous network of the foot
- plantar venous network of the foot
- posterior tibial veins
veins of the leg
- popliteal vein (anterior part)
- great saphenous vein
- anterior tibial veins
- venous network of the foot
- popliteal vein (posterior part)
- posterior tibial veins
great saphenous vein
- empties into the femoral vein
femoral vein
- ascends from the popliteal vein
- ascends to the inguinal region
lumbosacral plexus
- obturator nerve (L2-L4)
- femoral nerve (L2-L4)
- sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
obturator nerve
- runs down the anterior medial aspect of thigh
- terminates in thigh
M: medial thigh muscles
S: skin over the proximal part of the medial thigh
femoral nerve
- descends the anterior thigh to leg
- divides into branches
M: anterior thigh muscles
S: skin of anteromedial thigh and medial aspects of knee, leg and foot
sciatic nerve
- runs inferiorly between the medial and posterior thigh compartments
- L4-S3
- M: posterior thigh muscles
sicatic nerve termination + branches
- at the popliteal fossa
divides into 2 branches - tibial nerve
- fibular nerve
tibial nerve
- continues down the posterior aspect of the leg
- terminates at the heel of the foot
M: posterior leg muscles and majority of food muscles
S: sole of the foot and posterior leg
fibular (peroneal) nerve
- curves around the head of the fibula
- once in anterior compartment of the leg, divides into 3 branches
- terminates in the foot
- innervates the lateral and anterior leg muscles
fibular nerve (innvartion)
M: lateral and anterior leg muscles
M: medial aspect of foot muscles
S: lateral leg and dorsum of the foot
distal femur
- lateral epicondyle
- lateral condyle
- adductor tubercle
- medical epicondyle
- medial condyle
- patella surface
- intercondylar fossa
- linea aspera
what are seen posterior of a femur
- linea aspera
- gluteal tuberosity
- adductor tubercle
patella features
- articular surfaces
proximal tibia features (anterior)
- lateral condyle
- intercondylar eminence
- medial condyle
- tibial tuberosity
- anterior border
tibia proximal features (posterior)
- tibial plateau
- intercondylar eminence
- medial condyle
- lateral condyle
- soleal line
knee joint
- synovial
- modified hinge
- joint capsule
- bursae
knee joint movement
- flexion
- extension
- small amount of medial and lateral rotation
bones of the knee
- femur
- patella
- tibia
- fibula (is not part of the knee joint, but is an attachment site for ligaments)
ligaments of the knee
cruciate ligaments
collateral ligaments
patellar ligament
quadriceps tendon
cruciate ligaments
- anterior cruciate ligament
- posterior cruciate ligament
collateral ligaments
- lateral collateral ligament
- medial collateral ligament
tendon
muscle to bone
ligament
bone to bone
menisci of the knee
medial meniscus
lateral meniscus
about menisci of the knee
- fibrocartilage
- reduce friciton
- increase stability
- absorb shock
about the medial menisci
medial= larger and fixed (attached to MCL)
- oval
abut the lateral menisci
lateral= smaller and mobile (moves down when flexion)
- circular
