Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ANAT 315 > joints + shoulder bone & joints > Flashcards

joints + shoulder bone & joints Flashcards

1
Q

what is a joint

A
  • also known as articulation
    -the site where 2 or more bones connect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why are joints important

A
  • link the skeletal system
    -joints facilitate movement of the skeleton
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

stability vs. mobility

A

most stable- less mobility
less stable- more mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

classification of joints

A
  1. function: based on range of motion permitted
  2. structure: what tissues join the articulating bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

function + structure of joints

A

synarthrosis: NO movement- fibrous, cartilaginous, bony fusion

amphiarthrosis: little movement- fibrous, cartilaginous

diarthrosis: wide range of motion- synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

synarthroses joints

A
  • immobile or nearly immobile
    -strong union between articulating bones
    -fibrous, cartilaginous, or bony fusion
    example: pelvis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

amphiarthroses joints

A

-slightly moveable
- cartilaginous amphiarthrosis
- bones joined by wedge of cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

diarthrosis: synovial joints

A

-specialized for movement (wide range of motion)
all synovial joints have:
1. joint capsule
2. articular cartilage
3. joint cavity filled synovial fluid
4. synovial membrane
5. accessory structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

anatomy of synovial joint

A
  1. joint capsule
  2. articular cartilage
  3. joint cavity filled synovial fluid
  4. synovial membrane
  5. accessory structures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

joint capsule (synovial joint)

A

-surrounds synovial joint, encloses joint cavity
made of:
1. outer dense connective tissue layer
2. inner synovial membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

synovial membrane (synovial joint)

A

lines inner surfaces of the joint (doesn’t cover the articulating bone surfaces)
- produces synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

synovial fluid (synovial joint)

A

-fills the joint cavity
-lubricates
-absorbs shock
-distributes nutrients to cells of the articular cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

articular cartilage (synovial joint)

A
  • covers surfaces of articulating bones
    -smooth surface helps reduce friction during movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

accessory structures of synovial joints

A
  1. menisci
  2. ligaments
  3. bursae
  4. fat pads
    - provides support and additional stability
    (not always present only certain joints)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

menisci (meniscus) (synovial joints)

A
  • fibrocartilage pads between bone
    -reduce friction, disperse weight, protect & cushion joint surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ligaments (synovial joints)

A
  • fibrous connective tissue connecting BONE to BONE
  • support & strengthen synovial joints
    relative to joint capsule can be located:
  • outside (extracapsular)
    -inside (intracapsular)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

example of extracapsular ligament

A

patellar tendon PCL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

example of intracapsular ligament

A

ACL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

bursa

A
  • small fluid-filled pockets in connective tissue, occur around tendons and bones
  • filled with synovial fluid, lined by a synovial membrane
  • reduce friction
  • act as shock absorbers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

fat pads

A
  • usually found around the periphery of the joint
  • protect articular cartilages
    -cushion joint as a whole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

types of movement at synovial joints

A

-gliding
-angular
-rotational
-special movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

gliding joint

A

planar/linear movement
- two opposing (flat) surfaces slide past each other
ex. intertarsal joints of foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is angular movement

A

-movement that changes the angle between articulating bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
abduction
movement away from the midline
26
circumduction
-extension -flexion -adduction -abduction
27
medial (internal) rotation
rotation towards the midline
28
lateral (external) rotation
rotation away from the midline
29
supination
rotation of the forearm that makes the palm face up
30
pronation
rotation of the forearm that makes the palm face posteriorly (radius rolls across anterior surface of ulna)
31
inversion
sole of foot twists inward
32
eversion
sole of foot twists
33
dorsiflexion
elevate sole of foot
34
plantar flexion
point toes down
35
opposition
thumb moves across palm to touch the tips of the fingers
36
reposition
thumb and fingers move from opposition to anatomical position
37
protraction
moving part of body anteriorly in the horizontal (transverse plane)
38
retraction
part of the body moves posteriorly in the horizontal plane
39
elevation
structure moves in a superior direction
40
depression
structure moves in an inferior direction
41
special movements: vertebral column
lateral flexion- vertebral column bends to the side (side-side) flexion/extension rotation (twisting)
42
hinge joint
-monoaxial (flexion & extension) -convex surface of a bone fits into a con cave surface of a bone
43
examples of hinge joints
-ankle -knee -interphalangeal -elbow
44
pivot joint
-monoaxial permits rotation - pointed surface of bone articulates with a ring (bone and ligament)
45
examples of pivot joint
- C1 & C2 (atlanto-axial joint) - proximal radioulnar joint
46
ellipsoidal (condylar joint)
biaxial- permits motion across 2 axes - oval articular face (condyle) sits within a depression on the opposing surface -flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
47
examples of ellipsoidal (condylar joint)
metacarpophalangeal joints 1-5 of the hand
48
saddle joint
biaxial- angular movement across 2 axes, opposition - articular surface of a bone fits into a saddle-shaped bone
49
examples of saddle joint
first carpometacarpal joint (base of the thumb)
50
ball-and-socket joint
triaxial- angular and rotational movement across three axes - round head of bone fits into a cup-shaped depression of a bone -angular motion, circumduction, rotation
51
examples of ball-and-socket joint
-shoulder joint -hip joint
52
types of synovial joints
-hinge -pivot -ellipsoidal (condylar) -saddle -ball and socket
53
component of the pectoral girdle
- clavicle - scapula
54
parts of clavicle- superior view
acromial/lateral end (1/3, concave) - articulates with the acromion of scapula sternal/medial end (2/3, convex) - articulates with the sternum
55
parts of clavicle- inferior
rough inferior surface - attachment sites for muscles and ligaments conoid tubercle- a small rounded projection
56
sternoclavicular joint
the joint where the clavicle and sternum articulate - clavicular notch - manubrium of the sternum
57
borders of the scapula
medial border- come together in middle of back lateral border
58
what are the fossae of the scapula
- supraspinous fossa - infraspinous fossa - subscapular fossa
59
parts of the anterior scapula
acromion - articulates with the lateral end of clavicle - larger process coracoid process - smaller process - anterior
60
parts of posterior scapula
spine of scapula - divides posterior surface into supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa acromion - at the end of the spine
61
lateral parts of the scapula
- acromion - glenoid fossa (glenoid cavity, forms shoulder joint) - coracoid process
62
glenohumeral joint
- ball and socket joint - protected by bursae
63
Acromioclavicular joint
clavicle (lateral end) + acromion has the acromioclavicular ligament
64
coracoacromial joint
Acromion + coracoid process has the coracoacromial ligament
65
proximal humerus
- head - greater tubercle (lateral) - lesser tubercle (medial) - intertubercular groove - surgical neck (where most fracturs occur)
66
shaft of humerus
deltoid tuberosity
67
what is a tuberosity
- a rough evaluated surface, usually named for muscle attachments
68
distal humerus features
anterior - capitulum - trochlea - radial fossa - coronoid fossa forms the condyle posterior - trochlea - olecranon
69
what is a condyle
a rounded knob that articulates with other bones
70
what are the 3 fossa's of the distal humerus
-radial fossa (anterior) - coronoid fossa (anterior) - olecranon (largest, posterior)
71
bony prominences of humerus
- lateral epicondyle (small) - medial epicondyle (large)
72
bones of forearm
radius ulna
73
radius
- "thumb side" - lateral in anatomical position - radial artery pulse
74
ulna
- "pinky side" - medial in anatomical position - elbow joint range of motion
75
parts of the radius- proximal
- head - neck - radial tuberosity (attachment side for biceps brachii)
76
parts of the ulna- proximal
trochlear notch - articulates with trochlea of humerus radial notch - articulates with head of radius - forms proximal radio-ulnar joint olecranon - at limit of extension - projects into olecranon fossa on posterior humerus coronoid process - at limit of extension - projects into coronoid fossa on anterior humerus
77

ANAT 315 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions