bones and muscles of leg,ankle,foot Flashcards
anterior features of tibia and fibula
- head of fibula
- tibial tuberosity
- lateral malleolus
- medial malleolus
posterior features of tibia and fibula
- condyles
- soleal line
- lateral and medial malleolus
interosseous membrane
- fibrous connective tissue
- stabilized the tibia and fibula along their vertical axis
- separating the anterior and posterior compartments of the leg
bones of foot
- tarsals
- metatarsals
- phalanges
what are the 7 tarsals
- calcaneus
- talus
- navicular
- cuboid
- cuneiforms (Medial, intermediate, lateral)
phalanges
distal
middle
proximal
what are the phalanges of the hallux (big toe)
distal and proximal
what are the extra bones in the foot called and what do they do
sesamoid bone
- encased in the tendon of flexor hallicus brevis
dorsiflexion
toes to the sky
plantarflexion
toe pointing down
what are the joints in the ankle
- talocrural joint
- subtalar joint
talocrural joint
- synovial hinge joint
- formed by the articulation of the tibia, fibula, and talus
Action: plantarflexion/dorsiflexion - hinge joint
subtalar joint
- synovial plane joint
- formed by the articulation of the talus and the calcaneus
Action: inversion/eversion
what are the action of the anterior and posterior compartemnt of the leg
anterior= extension
posterior= flexion
anterior compartment (leg) + action
- tibialis anterior
- extensor hallicus longus
- extensor digitorum longus
- peroneus tertius
dorsiflexion
tibialis anterior
O: upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of tibia and interosseous membrane
I: medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
A: dorsiflexion and inversion
extensor hallicus longus
O: middle 1/3 of the medial surface of the fibula and interosseous membrane
I: base of distal phalanx of the hallux
A: dorsiflexion and extension of hallux
extensor digitorum longus
O: lateral tibial condyle, head and medial surface of fibula, and interosseous membrane
I: base of distal phalanx for digits 2-5
A: dorsiflexion and extension of digits 2-5
peroneus (fibularis) tertius
O: anterior border of distal fibula
I: base of 5th metatarsal
A: dorsiflexion and eversion
extensor retinaculum
bands of connective tissue covering the extensor tendons on the anterior surface of the leg and ankle
lateral compartment (leg) muscles + action
- peroneus longus
- peroneus brevis
eversion
peroneus longus
O: head and proximal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
I: medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
A: plantarflexion and eversion
peroneus brevis
O: distal 1/2 of lateral surface of fibula
I: base of the 5th metatarsal
A: plantarflexion and eversion
posterior SUPERFICIAL compartment + action
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
- plantaris
plantarflexion
gastrocnemius
O: medial and lateral epicondyle of the femur
I: calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal tendon
A: knee flexion and plantar flexion
soleus
O: posterior surface of fibular head and neck, and soleal line of tibia
I: calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal tendon
A: plantarflexion
what is the largest muscle in the cafe
soleus
plantaris
O: lateral epicondyle of the femur
I: calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal tendon
A: knee flexion and plantarflexion
posterior DEEP compartment (leg) + action
- popliteus
- tibialis posterior
- flexor digitorum longus
- flexor hallicus longus
plantarflexion and inversion
popliteus
O: lateral femoral condyle and lateral meniscus
I: posterior tibial surface
A: “unlocks” and stabilized knee joint
tibialis posterior
O: interosseous membrane and borders of tibia and fibula
I: navicular, cuneiforms and base of 2-4th metatarsals
A: plantarflexion and inversion
flexor digitorum longus
O: middle 1/3 of posterior surface of tibia
I: base of 2-5th distal phalanges
A: plantarflexion, inversion, and flexion of digits 2-5
flexor hallicus longus
O: distal 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
I: base of distal phalanx of hallux
A: plantarflexion, inversion, and flexion of hallux
flexor retinaculum
band of connective tissue covering the flexor tendons on the medial surface of the ankle
what is within the tarsal tunnel
- tibialis posterior
- flexor digitorum longus
- posterior tibial artery and vein
- tibial nerve
- flexor hallicus longus
what is a way to remember the tarsal tunnel
Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry
