muscles of the forearm & hand

Question 1

compartment of the forearm

Answer 1

anterior compartment:
- superficial
- intermediate
- deep
posterior compartment
- superficial
- deep

Question 2

4 anterior superficial muscles

Answer 2

1. pronator teres
2. flexor carpi radialis
3. palmaris
4. flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 3

anterior intermediate muscle

Answer 3

1. flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 4

anterior deep muscles

Answer 4

1. flexor digitorum profundus
2. flexor pollicis longus
3. pronator quadratus

Question 5

common flexor origin (CFO)

Answer 5

medial epicondyle of humerus

Question 6

pronator teres

Answer 6

superficial
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus (CFO)
Insertion: lateral radius
Action: pronation

Question 7

flexor carpi radialis

Answer 7

superficial
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus (CFO)
Insertion: 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Action: flexion of wrist, abduction of wrist

Question 8

palmaris longus

Answer 8

superficial
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: palmar aponeurosis
Action: weak flexion of wrist

Question 9

palmar aponeurosis

Answer 9

• thickening of palmar fascia
  (connective tissue)
• continuous with the tendon of palmaris longus

Question 10

flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 10

superficial
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus; olecranon of ulna
Insertion: carpals (pisiform & hook of hamate), 5th metacarpal
Action: flexion of wrist, adduction of wrist

Question 11

flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 11

intermediate
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus anterior surface of radius and ulna
Insertion: 4 tendons split and insert on middle phalanges 2-5
Action: flexion of wrist, flexion of metacarpophalangeal joint 2-5, flexion of proximal interphalangeal joints 2-5

Question 12

flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 12

Origin: ulna, interosseus membrane
Insertion: distal phalanges 2-5
Action: same as FDS, in addition to flexion of distal interphalangeal joints 2-5

Question 13

flexor pollicis longus

Answer 13

the thumb
Origin: anterior radius, interosseus membrane
Insertion: distal phalanx of the thumb
Action: flexion of the thumb

Question 14

pronator quadratus

Answer 14

Origin: distal anterior surface of ulna
Insertion: distal anterior surface of radius
Action: pronation

Question 15

anterior forearm innervation

Answer 15

median nerve: all anterior forearm muscles expect:

ulnar nerve:
- flexor carpi ulnaris
- medial half of flexor digitorum profundus

Question 16

flexor retinaculum

Answer 16

fibrous connective tissue band located on the palmar surface of the hand, near the wrist
- holds the tendons of the flexor muscles in place
- forms the roof of the carpal tunnel

Question 17

carpal tunnel

Answer 17

flexor retinaculum arches over the carpal bones of the wrist to form the carpal tunnel
contains:
- flexor digitorum superficialis & profundus
- flexor pollicis longus
- median nerve

Question 18

posterior compartment of forearm

Answer 18

superficial
deep

Question 19

the 6 superficial posterior muscles

Answer 19

1. brachioradialis
2. extensor carpi radialis longus
3. extensor carpi radialis brevis
4. extensor digitorum
5. extensor digit minimi
6. extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 20

brachioradialis- posterior superficial

Answer 20

Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
Insertion: styloid process of radius
Action: flexes forearm at elbow
innervation: radial nerve

Question 21

extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis

Answer 21

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: 2nd & 3rd metacarpals
Action: extension of wrist, abduction

Question 21

extensor carpi ulnaris

Answer 21

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base of 5th metacarpal
Action: extension of wrist, adduction of wrist

Question 21

extensor digitorum

Answer 21

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: posterior surfaces of phalanges 2-5
Action: extension of wrist, extension of fingers

Question 22

extensor digit minimi

Answer 22

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: middle phalanx of pinky finger (5th digit), posterior surface
Action: extension of wrist, extension of pinky finger

Question 23

posterior deep muscles

Answer 23

1. supinator
2. abductor pollicis longus
3. extensor pollicis brevis
4. extensor pollicis longus
5. extensor indicis

Question 24

supinator

Answer 24

Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, proximal ulna
Insertion: lateral proximal radius
Action: supination

Question 25

abductor pollicis longus

Answer 25

Origin: proximal ulna & radius
Insertion: 1st metacarpal
Action: abduction of thumb and wrist

Question 26

extensor pollicis longus

Answer 26

Origin: posterior ulna, interosseus membrane
Insertion: thumb, distal phalanx
Action: extension of thumb

Question 27

extensor pollicis brevis

Answer 27

Origin: posterior radius, interosseus membrane
Insertion: thumb, proximal phalanx
Action: extension of the thumb

Question 28

extensor indicis

Answer 28

Origin: posterior distal ulna and interosseus membrane
Insertion: index finger
Action: extension of index finger, and wrist

Question 29

anatomical snuffbox

Answer 29

lateral border:
- abductor pollicis longus tendon
- extensor pollicis brevis tendon

medial border
- extensor pollicis longus tendon

Question 30

posterior forearm innervation

Answer 30

radial nerve
- all posterior muscles

Question 31

a person lost the ability to flex and adduct the wrist. which muscle could be affected
a) flexor carpi radialis
b) Flexor carpi ulnaris
c) pronator quadratus
d) flexor digitorum longus

Answer 31

B)

Question 32

extensor retinaculum

Answer 32

fibrous connective tissue band located on the dorsal surface of the hand, near the wrist
- hold tendons of the extensor muscles in place

Question 33

muscles of the hand

Answer 33

extrinsic muscles
intrinsic muscles

Question 34

extrinsic muscles

Answer 34

originate in the forearm and insert on the hand
- control crude movements

Question 35

intrinsic muscles

Answer 35

• originate and insert within the hand
• control fine movement