Vertebral column

Question 1

What makes up the vertebral arch?

Answer 1

right and left pedicle and right and left lamina

Question 2

What makes up the vertebral foreamen?

Answer 2

complete circle from body to pedicle to lamina to pedicle and back to body

Question 3

Where does the spinal nerve exit the spinal column?

Answer 3

intervertebral foreamen

Question 4

What movement does the spinous process limit?

Answer 4

extension

Question 5

What movement does the transverse process limit?

Answer 5

abduction

Question 6

Why are the cervical vertebra highly mobile?

Answer 6

thick discs and small bodies

Question 7

What runs through the transverse foramen of cervical vertebrae?

Answer 7

vertebral artery and veins

Question 8

What is the uncinate process?

Answer 8

elevated superior epiphyseal rim anterior and laterally

Question 9

What movements do the uncinate process allow and limit?

Answer 9

allows flexion/extension and limits abduction

Question 10

What is the spinous process of C3-C6 called?

Answer 10

bifid (forked) spinous process

Question 11

What is the vertebra prominens?

Answer 11

name for C7 due to its long spinous process that is easily observed and palpated

Question 12

What is special about C1 (Atlas)?

Answer 12

has no body or spinous process which allows for head rotation

Question 13

What transmits weight of head to C2?

Answer 13

lateral masses on C1

Question 14

What forms the pivot for alantoaxial joint?

Answer 14

dens or odontoid process of C2

Question 15

What movements are likely at a transverse oriented joint?

Answer 15

flexion/extension, ab/adduction, rotation

Question 16

What movements are likely at a sagittal oriented joint?

Answer 16

flexion/extension, it blocks ab/adduction

Question 17

What movements are likely at a coronally oriented joint?

Answer 17

ab/adduction, blocks flexion/extension

Question 18

What movements occur at a thoracic intervertebral joint?

Answer 18

rotation because ribs articulate with body and limit ab/adduction

Question 19

What is the orientation of the thoracic intervertebral joint?

Answer 19

coronally oriented

Question 20

Why do the lumbar vertebrae support a lot of weight?

Answer 20

they have massive bodies

Question 21

What is the orientation of superior lumbar (T12 - L1) articular processes?

Answer 21

sagittal orientation - allows for flexion/extension and blocks rotation

Question 22

What is the orientation of inferior lumbar vertebra?

Answer 22

coronally orientation - allows for ab/adduction and limits flexion/extension

Question 23

What forms the synovial part of the SI joint?

Answer 23

auricular surface - lateral/anterior surfaces of upper sacrum that articulates with hip bones

Question 24

What forms the fibrous, syndesmosis part of the SI joint?

Answer 24

sacral tuberosity - lateral/posterior surfaces of upper sacrum that articulates with hip bones

Question 25

What type of joint are the intervertebral discs?

Answer 25

symphysis type of cartilaginous joint

Question 26

What do thicker discs allow for?

Answer 26

greater ROM

Question 27

What movement does the anterior longitudinal ligament restrict?

Answer 27

extension of vertebral column

Question 28

What does the posterior longitudinal ligament restrict?

Answer 28

hyperflexion

Question 29

Where do you flex and extend vertebral column?

Answer 29

cervical and superior lumbar

Question 30

Where do you abduct vertebral column?

Answer 30

cervical and inferior lumbar

Question 31

Where do you rotate vertebral column?

Answer 31

cervical, thoracic, and inferior lumbar

Question 32

What ligaments interconnect adjacent lamina and what movement do they limit?

Answer 32

ligamenta flava and limit flexion

Question 33

What ligaments interconnect adjacent spinous processes and what movement do they limit?

Answer 33

interspinous ligaments and limit flexion

Question 34

What ligament interconnect tips of spinous process?

Answer 34

supraspinous ligaments

Question 35

What ligament interconnects spinous processes from occipital bone through cervical vertebrae and what movement does it restrict?

Answer 35

nuchal ligament and restricts flexion

Question 36

What ligaments interconnect the transverse processes of adjacent vertebra and what movements does it restrict?

Answer 36

intertransverse ligaments and restricts ab/adduction

Question 37

What is the primary movement at atlantooccipital joint?

Answer 37

flexion/extension; yes movement

Question 38

What holds the dens to the anterior arch of C1?

Answer 38

transverse ligament of atlas

Question 39

What connects the transverse ligament to occipital bone and body of C2?

Answer 39

superior and inferior longitudinal bands - forms a cross with transverse ligament (cruciate ligament)

Question 40

What connects dens to lateral foramen magnum?

Answer 40

alar ligaments

Question 41

What is the tectoral membrane?

Answer 41

continuation of posterior longitudinal ligament that passes through vertebral foramen of C2 and C1

Question 42

What are the functions of the curvatures of the spine?

Answer 42

- shock absorption - flexibility - balance in upright stance

Question 43

What does the anterior sacroiliac ligament do?

Answer 43

stabilize and holds sacrum to ilium of hip bone

Question 44

What does the posterior sacroiliac ligament do?

Answer 44

limit depression (wedging) of sacrum

Question 45

What ligaments limit posterior tilt of sacrum/coccyx?

Answer 45

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

Question 46

What ligament prevents L5 from skiing off the slope?

Answer 46

iliolumbar ligament

Question 47

What part of vertebral column do the vertebral arteries serve?

Answer 47

cervical

Question 48

What part of the vertebral column do the posterior intercostal arteries serve?

Answer 48

thoracic

Question 49

What part of the vertebral column do the lumbar arteries serve?

Answer 49

lumbar

Question 50

What are extrinsic back muscles?

Answer 50

muscles that attach to scapula and humerus to move the arm

Question 51

What innervates the extrinsic back muscles?

Answer 51

ventral rami

Question 52

List the superficial extrinsic back muscles

Answer 52

- trapezius - latissimus dorsi - rhomboids - levator scapulae

Question 53

List the intermediate extrinsic back muscles

Answer 53

serratus posterior superior and inferior

Question 54

What innervates the intrinsic back muscles?

Answer 54

dorsal rami

Question 55

What is the proximal attachment of splenius cervicis and capitis?

Answer 55

lower cervical and upper thoracic spinous process and ligamentum nuchae

Question 56

What is the distal attachment of splenius cervicis?

Answer 56

upper cervical transverse processes

Question 57

What is the distal attachment of splenius capitis?

Answer 57

mastoid process of temporal bone

Question 58

What are the movements of splenius capitis and cervicis?

Answer 58

bilateral extender and unilateral ab/adductor and rotator of head (capitis) and neck (cervicis)

Question 59

What is the order from outside in to spinal cord?

Answer 59

``` 1 - vertebral column 2 - epidural space 3 - dural mater 4 - arachnoid space 5 - pia mater ```

Question 60

Where is CSF in the spinal canal?

Answer 60

subarachnoid space; between arachnoid and pia mater

Question 61

What holds the spinal cord to the arachnoid mater?

Answer 61

denticulate ligaments and filum terminal

Question 62

Where does the spinal cord end?

Answer 62

conus medullaris between L1 and L2