Foot

Question 1

what type of joint is subtalar?

Answer 1

planar synovial

Question 2

what are the 3 articulations with calcaneus?

Answer 2

anterior, middle, and posterior talar

Question 3

what type of joint is the talonavicular joint?

Answer 3

ball and socket synovial joint

Question 4

at what joint does the most inversion and eversion occur?

Answer 4

surgical subtalar

Question 5

what comprises surgical subtalar?

Answer 5

talocalacneal (3 articulations) and talonavicular

Question 6

what comprises the transverse tarsal?

Answer 6

calcaneocuboid and talonavicular joint

Question 7

what ligament doesn’t allow for big toe abductuion

Answer 7

deep transverse metatarsal ligament - connects all digits together

Question 8

what type of joint are metatarsalphalangeal joints?

Answer 8

condyloid synovial

Question 9

what type of joint are tarsometatarsal joints?

Answer 9

tight and planar synovial

Question 10

what type of joint are intermetatarsal joints?

Answer 10

tight and planar synovial

Question 11

what digit is reference for ab/adduction?

Answer 11

digit 2

Question 12

what limits extension and hyperextension at MTP and IP joints?

Answer 12

plantar ligaments (on bottom of feet)

Question 13

medial longitudinal arch from posterior to anterior

Answer 13

calcaneus to talus to navicular to cuneiforms 1-3 to metatarsals 1-3 (balls of feet)

Question 14

weight distribution of medial longitudinal arch

Answer 14

from talus (high point = keystone) to calcaneus posterior and heads of metatarsals 1-3 (medial balls of foot) anterior

Question 15

lateral longitudinal arch from posterior to anterior

Answer 15

calcaneus to cuboid to metatarsals 4, and 5

Question 16

weight distribution of lateral longitudinal arch

Answer 16

from calcaneus (received weight from talus) to cuboid (high point) and heads of metatarsals 4, and 5 anterior

Question 17

transverse arch

Answer 17

-runs through cuboid, cuneiforms and bases of metatarsal bones

Question 18

what is the primary function of an intrinsic muscle of the foot? What muscles are they?

Answer 18

maintain longitudinal arch - abductor hallucis and abductor digiti minimi

Question 19

what are the passive factors that maintain foot arches

Answer 19

• plantar aponeurosis
• long plantar ligament - heel to metatarsal 2-5
• short plantar ligament - calcaneocuboid
• spring ligament - calcaneonavicular

Question 20

what acts as a shock absorber for the talus

Answer 20

calcaneonavicular ligament

Question 21

what muscles of the leg whose tendons cross foot joints support the longitudinal arch?

Answer 21

flexor hallucis and flexor digitorum longus

Question 22

what muscles of the leg whose tendons cross foot joints support the transverse arch?

Answer 22

adductor hallicus, tendons of fibularis longus and tibialis posterior