Skull Flashcards
What are the 8 cranial bones?
- frontal
- ethmoid
- sphenoid
- occipital
- 2 temporal
- 2 parietal
What are the 15 facial bones?
- mandible
- ethmoid
- vomer
- 2 maxilla
- 2 inferior nasal conchae
- 2 zygomatic
- 2 palatine
- 2 nasal
- 2 lacrimal
What part of the nasal conchae is independent?
inferior nasal conchae
What does the dura mater attach to?
crista galli of the ethmoid bone
Where does CN 1 enter the skull?
cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
Where does CN 2 enter the skull?
prechiasmatic sulcus of sphenoid bone
What cranial nerves enter through the superior orbital fissure?
CN 3 (oculomotor), CN 4 (trochlear), CN 5 (V1, Opthalmic), and CN 6 (abducens)
Where does CN 5 (V2) enter the skull?
foramen rotundum
Where does CN 5 (V3) enter the skull
foramen ovale
What goes through the foramen spinosum?
middle meningeal artery
What is the inion?
external occipital protuberance
What enters the skull through the foramen magnum?
spinal cord/brain stem, CN 11, and right and left vertebral arteries
What bones form the jugular foramen?
occipital and temporal
What leaves through the jugular foramen?
jugular vein, CN 9 (glossopharyngeal), CN 10 (vagus), and CN 11 (spinal accessory)
Where does CN 11 enter and leave the skull?
enters through the foramen magnum and leaves through the jugular foramen
How does blood drain from the skull?
through transverse sinus on the lateral side of the occipital bone, then to saggital sinus, then to the jugular vein
Where is the hypoglossal canal located?
side of the foramen magnum
What CN leaves through the hypoglossal canal?
CN 12 (hypoglossal) - goes to the tongue
What are the 2 regions of the temporal bone?
squamous (external) and petrous (internal)
What is the thickest and strongest region of the skull?
petrous region of the temporal bone
What does the petrous region of the temporal bone contain?
auditory (hearing) and vestibular (balance)
What enters the skull in the carotid canal?
the carotid artery and sympathetic nerves (plexus)
What CN enter through internal acoustic foramen?
CN 7 (facial) and CN 8 (vestibulocochlear)
What is the articulation that forms the TMJ?
head of mandible with mandibular fossa of temporal bone
What muscle attaches to the coronoid process of the mandible?
temporalis
What muscle attaches to the external surface of the mandibular angle?
masseter
What muscle attaches to the internal surface of the mandibular angle?
medial pterygoid
What is the vomer?
inferior part of the nasal septum
What is the piriform aperture?
bony opening to the nasal cavity
What bones form the piriform aperture? (4)
2 nasal and 2 maxilla
What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?
ethmoid bone; more specifically the cribriform plate
What forms the lateral wall of the nasal cavity? (3)
superior and middle conchae of ethmoid bone, palatine perpendicular plate, and inferior nasal conchae
What forms the floor of the nasal cavity? (2)
maxilla and horizontal palatine bones
What forms the medial wall or nasal septum of the nasal cavity? (3)
superior is ethmoid perpendicular plate, inferior is vomer, and septal cartilage
What forms the orbital cavity? (7)
- frontal
- sphenoid
- maxilla
- zygomatic
- palatine
- ethmoid
- lacrimal
What forms the anterior cranial fossa? (3)
frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid
What forms the middle cranial fossa? (2)
sphenoid and temporal
What forms the posterior cranial fossa? (3)
occipital, sphenoid, and temporal
What forms the zygomatic arch? (2)
zygomatic process of the temporal bone and temporal process of zygomatic bone
What does the hard palate do?
lets you breathe and chew at the same time
What forms the hard palate? (2)
palatine process of maxilla and palatine bones
What are the 4 sinuses?
- frontal sinus
- ethmoid sinus
- maxillary sinus
- sphenoid sinus
What does the coronal suture separate?
frontal and parietal
What does the sagittal suture separate?
right and left parietal
What does the lambdoid suture separate?
occipital from parietal
What does the occipitomastoid suture separate?
occipital from temporal
What does the squamous suture separate?
temporal from parietal
What is the lambda?
intersection of lambdoid and sagittal sutures
What is the bregma?
intersection of sagittal and coronal sutures
What is the pterion?
H shaped intersection of coronal, squamous, and sphenoid bone
What is the vertex?
most superior point of calvaria on sagittal suture
What is the asterion?
junction of lambdoid, occipitomastoid, and squamous
What ligament prevents posterior dislocation of TMJ during protraction?
lateral ligament of TMJ
What ligaments prevent downward dislocation of TMJ during protraction?
stylomandibular and sphenomandibular ligament
What muscle depress the mandible to open the mouth?
lateral pterygoid
What muscles elevate and retract mandible?
temporalis, masseter, and medial pterygoid
What is the palpebral?
eyelid part of orbicularis oculi
What do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue do?
move the tongue
What do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do?
change the shape of the tongue
What provides sensory fibers to the cornea of the eye?
V1
What provides somatosensory to tongue?
V3
