Abdomen

Question 1

what is in retroperitoneal space?

Answer 1

kidneys, pancreas, most of duodenum, most of ascending and descending colon

Question 2

right upper quadrant contents

Answer 2

liver, gallbladder, right colic flexure (where ascending colon moves to transverse colon)

Question 3

right lower quadrant contents

Answer 3

cecum (start of large intestine) and appendix (hangs off cecum)

Question 4

left upper quadrant

Answer 4

spleen, stomach, left colic (splenic) flexure (transverse to descending colon)

Question 5

left lower quadrant contents

Answer 5

sigmoid colon and inferior part of descending colon transitioning to sigmoid colon

Question 6

anterior, lateral, and posterior attachments of diaphragm

Answer 6

1. anterior: xiphoid process
2. lateral: costal cartilage and ribs 5-10 – lower true ribs and false ribs
3. posterior: L1-3 lumbar vertebrae and floating ribs

Question 7

deep attachment of diaphragm

Answer 7

central tendon (self insertion)

Question 8

diaphragm innervation

Answer 8

phrenic nerve

Question 9

anterolateral muscular wall sandwich

Answer 9

1) skin
2) camper
3) scarpa
4) external oblique
5) internal oblique
6) transverse oblique
7) transversalis (scarpa)
8) campers
9) parietal peritoneum

Question 10

external oblique - origin, insertion, innervation, action

Answer 10

origin - lower ribs
insertion - rectus sheath and hip bones
innervation - ventral rami
action - bilateral trunk flexor, unilateral ab/adduct and rotate

Question 11

action of internal/external obliques when insertion is on ribs

Answer 11

pull rib cage down and compress abdomen to exhale

Question 12

internal oblique - origin, insertion, innervation, action

Answer 12

origin - thoracolumbar fascia (lumbar vertebra and hip bones)
insertion - anterior ribs; rectus sheath
innervation - ventral rami
action - bilateral trunk flexor, unilateral ab/adduct and rotate

Question 13

transverse oblique - origin, insertion, innervation, action

Answer 13

origin - thoracolumbar fascia (lumbar vertebra and hip bones)
insertion - rectus sheath
innervation - ventral rami
action - unilateral ab/adduct and rotate

Question 14

rectus abdominis - origin, insertion, innervation, action

Answer 14

origin - pubic symphysis
insertion - lower ribs; xiphoid
innervation - ventral rami
action - bilateral trunk flexor

Question 15

action of rectus abdominis when inserted on xiphoid

Answer 15

pull rib cage down & compress abdomen to exhale

Question 16

action of rectus abdominis when inserted on hips

Answer 16

tilt hips anteriorly

Question 17

superior rectus sheath components

Answer 17

• Skin
• Camper
• Scarpa
• Aponeurosis of external oblique
• ½ of aponeurosis of internal oblique
• Rectus abdominus muscle
• ½ of aponeurosis of internal oblique
• Aponeurosis of transversus abdominis
• Transversalis fascia
• Hypodermis
• Parietal peritoneum

Question 18

inferior rectus sheath components

Answer 18

• Skin
• camper
• Scarpa
• Aponeurosis of external oblique
• Aponeurosis of internal oblique
• Aponeurosis of transversus abdominis
• Rectus abdominis muscle
• Transversalis fascia
• Hypodermis
• Parietal peritoneum