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Gross Anatomy > Hip, Thigh, and Knee > Flashcards

Hip, Thigh, and Knee Flashcards

1
Q

what type of pattern are the hip ligaments in?

A

spiral fiber pattern

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2
Q

when do hip ligaments tighten?

A

during hip extension to increase stability

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3
Q

when are hip ligaments the tightest?

A

end of stance phase right before you push off

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4
Q

what hip ligament limits natural tendency to hyperextend?

A

iliofemoral ligament

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5
Q

what is the strongest ligament in the body

A

iliofemoral ligament

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6
Q

what hip ligament limits abduction and external rotation of the hip

A

pubofemoral ligament

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7
Q

what is the weakest of the 3 hip ligaments?

A

ischiofemoral ligament

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8
Q

what hip ligament limits internal rotation?

A

ischiofemoral ligament

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9
Q

what provides vascularization for the head of the femur?

A

ligament of head of femur

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10
Q

what action do anterior thigh muscles do at the hip and knee?

A

hip - flex

knee - extend

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11
Q

pectineus

A

Proximal attachment – superior pubic ramus
Distal attachment – pectinate line of femur
Innervation – dual innervated – femoral and obturator nerve L2, L3
Action – flex, adduct, internal rotator of hip

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12
Q

iliopsoas

A

Proximal attachment – psoas major – body and transverse process of T12-L5, iliacus – iliac fossa – come together at level of inguinal ligament
Distal attachment – lesser trochanter
Innervation – psoas major – L1, L2, L3, iliacus – femoral nerve L2, L3
Action – flex hip, psoas major acts on vertebral column as bilateral flexor and unilateral ab/adductor and rotator

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13
Q

Psoas minor

A

Proximal attachment – T12, L1 vertebra
Distal attachment – pubic bone
Innervation – L1, L2
Action – does not cross hip, act lumbar intervertebral joint – bilateral flexor, unilateral ab/adductor, and rotator

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14
Q

sartorius

A

Proximal attachment – ileum – anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Distal attachment – medial posterior tibia (pes anserinus)
Innervation – femoral nerve L2, L3
Action – flex, abductor, and external rotator of hip, flex knee

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15
Q

what is the longest muscle in the body

A

sartorius

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16
Q

what quadricep muscle acts on hip and knee?

A

rectus femoris

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17
Q

rectus femoris

A

Proximal attachment – anterior inferior iliac spine
Distal attachment – quad tendon
Innervation – femoral nerve L2, L3, L4
Action – flex at hip, extend knee

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18
Q

vastus lateralis

A

Proximal attachment – femur
Distal attachment – quad tendon
Innervation – femoral nerve L2, L3, L4
Action - extend leg at knee

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19
Q

what do oblique fibers of vastus lateralis do?

A

VLO - stabilize patella/knee

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20
Q

what do oblique fibers of vastus medialis do?

A

VMO - stabilize patella/knee

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21
Q

vastus medialis

A

Proximal attachment – femur
Distal attachment – quad tendon
Innervation – femoral nerve L2, L3, L4
Action - extend leg at knee

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22
Q

vastus intermedius

A

Proximal attachment – femur
Distal attachment – quad tendon
Innervation – femoral nerve L2, L3, L4
Action - extend leg at knee

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23
Q

what is the function of vastus intermedius at articularis genu

A

pull suprapatellar bursa up during knee extension to prevent bursa from binding between patella and femur

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24
Q

what is the action of muscles that cross hip inferior/medially?

A

adduct hip - adductor group

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25
Q

adductor longus

A

Proximal attachment – body of pubic bone
Distal attachment – linea aspera
Innervation – obturator nerve L2, L3, L4
Action – adductor, flexor, and internal rotator of hip

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26
Q

adductor brevis

A

Proximal attachment – inferior pubic body and ramus
Distal attachment – linea aspera and pectinate line
Innervation – obturator nerve L2, L3, L4
Action – adductor, flexor, and internal rotator of hip

27
Q

adductor magnus anterior and posterior

A

Proximal attachment – anterior – ischiopubic ramus, posterior – ischial tuberosity
Distal attachment – anterior – linea aspera, posterior - adductor tubercle
Innervation – dual innervated composite muscle – anterior – obturator nerve L2, L3, L4, posterior – tibial nerve L4
Action – anterior part acts in synergist with adductor group (adductor, flexor, internal rotator of hip), posterior part acts in synergist with hamstrings (hip extensor, adduct)

28
Q

adductor magnus anterior is part of what group?

A

hip adductor group

29
Q

adductor magnus posterior is part of what group?

A

hamstrings

30
Q

gracilis

A

Proximal attachment – inferior pubic ramus
Distal attachment – posterior medial tibia (pes anserinus)
Innervation – obturator nerve L2, L3
Action – flex at knee and hip

31
Q

what muscles attach at the pes anserinus?

A

gracilis, sartorius, and semitendinosis

32
Q

obturator externus

A

Proximal attachment – external surface of obturator membrane (obturator foramen)
Distal attachment – greater trochanter passing posterior to neck of femur
Innervation – obturator nerve L3, L4
Action - external rotator and abductor of hip

33
Q

boundaries of femoral triangle

A
  1. superior: inguinal ligament running from anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle.
  2. medially: lateral border of adductor longus muscle
  3. lateral/inferior: superior border of the Sartorius muscle
  4. floor: iliopsoas (lateral floor), and pectineus (medial floor) muscles
  5. roof: skin and fascia (fascia lata; cribriform) of thigh
34
Q

what is the space between inguinal ligament and hip bone?

A

retroinguinal space

35
Q

contents of femoral triangle

A

femoral vein, artery, and nerve

36
Q

contents of adductor (femoral) canal

A

femoral artery/vein, saphenous vein, and cutaneous branch of femoral nerve (lower leg, medial calf)

37
Q

when does femoral artery become popliteal artery?

A

when it passes through adductor hiatus

38
Q

femoral artery comes off of what superior artery

A

external iliac artery at inguinal ligament

39
Q

blood is shunted in what direction in venous blood flow in the lower limb

A

blood is shunted from superficial to deep through perforating veins

40
Q

what makes up the femoral nerve

A

lumbar plexus, posterior divisions of ventral rami L2-L4

41
Q

what makes up obturator nerve

A

lumbar plexus, anterior divisions of ventral rami L2-L4

42
Q

articulations that form knee

A

medial femorotibial (medial condyle of femur and tibia), lateral femorotibial (lateral condyle of femur and tibia), and femuropatellar

43
Q

what type of joint is the knee

A

shallow hinge synovial joint

44
Q

what ligaments prevent knee hyperextension and limit rotation?

A

collateral ligaments

45
Q

what knee ligament limits adduction or varus?

A

fibular collateral

46
Q

what knee ligament limits abduction of valgus?

A

tibial collateral

47
Q

what limits femur from sliding posterior and tibia from sliding anterior

A

anterior cruciate ligament

48
Q

what knee ligament opposes hyperextension

A

anterior cruciate ligament

49
Q

what limits the femur from sliding anterior and tibia from sliding posterior?

A

posterior cruciate ligament

50
Q

what knee ligament limits hyperflexion?

A

posterior cruciate ligament

51
Q

what is the Q angle?

A

angle between the axis of the femur and axis of the tibia to move the legs more toward the central axis of the body

52
Q

what does the Q angle look for?

A

looks at the degree of valgus and varus

53
Q

gluteus maximus

A

Proximal attachment – posterior iliac crest, posterior superior iliac spine, sacrum and coccyx
Distal attachment – deep – gluteal tuberosity, superficially – forms IT band and attach distally to Gerdy tubercle
Innervation – inferior gluteal nerve L5, S1, S2
Action – extends and external rotator of hip – when gluteus maximus contracts TFL together they synergize to abduct at the hip

54
Q

gluteus medius and minimus

A

Proximal attachment – external surface of ala
Distal attachment – greater trochanter
Innervation – superior gluteal nerve L5, S1
Action – at midline they are abductors (main action), anterior medius and minimus will flex and internal rotate, posterior medius and minimus will extend and external rotate – stabilize during stance phase when you are unbalanced

55
Q

Tensor fascia lata (TFL)

A

Proximal attachment – anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Distal attachment – lateral condyle of fibula
Innervation – superior gluteal nerve L5, S1
Action – flexes at hip, synergize with gluteus max to abduct hip

56
Q

piriformis

A

Proximal attachment – sacrum
Distal attachment – greater trochanter
Innervation – S1, S2 ventral rami
Action – abductor and lateral (external) rotator

57
Q

obturator internus

A

Proximal attachment – internal surface of obturator membrane/foramen
Distal attachment – greater trochanter
Innervation – L5, S1 ventral rami
Action – abductor and lateral (external) rotator

58
Q

superior and inferior gemelli

A

Proximal attachment – superior – on ischial spine inferior – ischial tuberosity
Distal attachment – merge with obturator internus to form common attachment on greater trochanter
Innervation – L5, S1 ventral rami
Action – abductor and lateral (external) rotator

59
Q

quadratus femoris

A

Proximal attachment – ischial tuberosity
Distal attachment – intertrochanteric crest on posterior surface of femur
Innervation – nerve to quadratus femoris – lumbosacral plexus L5, S1
Action – external rotation – it will not abduct

60
Q

obturator externus

A

Proximal attachment – obturator membrane
Distal attachment – greater trochanter of femur
Innervation – obturator nerve
Action – abduct and external rotator

61
Q

semitendinosis

A

Proximal attachment – ischial tuberosity
Distal attachment – pes anserinus
Innervation – tibial nerve L5, S1, S2
Action – extend hip, flex knee, internally rotate foot

62
Q

semimembranosis

A

Proximal attachment – ischial tuberosity
Distal attachment – medial plateau of the tibia
Innervation – tibial nerve L5, S1, S2
Action – extend hip, flex knee, internally rotate foot

63
Q

Biceps femoris

A

Proximal attachment – long head – ischial tuberosity, short head – linea aspera
Distal attachment – lateral plateau of tibia and fibula, short head - fibula
Innervation – long head – tibial nerve, short head – fibular nerve – both are L5, S1, S2 ventral rami
Action – long head extend hip, long and short – flex knee, external rotator of foot mostly at knee but some at hip joint

Gross Anatomy (9 decks)

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