Neck Flashcards
What helps in swallowing?
elevation of the larynx and hyoid bone
What helps in breathing?
depression of the larynx and hyoid bone
What is in the pretrachial layer?
trachea, esophagus, thyroid glands, and infrahyoid muscles
What is the anterior border of pretrachial layer?
investing layer
What is the posterior border of the pretrachial layer?
retropharyngeal layer
What are the lateral borders of the pretrachial layer?
carotid sheaths
What is in the prevertebral layer?
vertebral column and deep muscles: longus colli, longus capitis, scalenes, and posterior deep cervical muscles
What is the anterior border of prevertebral layer?
retropharyngeal
What are in the carotid sheaths?
carotid arteries, jugular veins, vagus nerves and lymphatics (neurovascular bundle)
What connects the carotid sheaths?
alar fascia
What is in the retropharyngeal space?
alar fascia
What is the anterior border of the retropharyngeal space?
pretrachial layer
What is the posterior border of the retropharyngeal space?
prevertebral layer
What are the lateral borders of the retropharyngeal space?
carotid sheaths
What is the superior attachment of SCM?
mastoid process of temporal bone
What is the inferior attachment of SCM?
clavicle and sternum
What is the action of SCM when insertion on the skull and upper cervicle joints?
bilaterally extend head and unilaterally ab/adduct and rotate head
What is the action of SCM when insertion on the sternum and clavicle?
inhalation
What innervates SCM?
CN 11
What is the action of SCM when insertion is at lower cervical joints?
bilateral flex and unilateral ab/adduct and rotate
List the suprahyoid muscles (4)
- mylohyoid
- geniohyoid
- stylohyoid
- diagastric
What are the actions of the suprahyoid muscles?
elevate hyoid to elevate larynx in swallowing and vocalization
What is the innervation for mylohoid?
CN 5
What is the innervation of geniohyoid?
cervical plexus (ventral rami)
What is the innervation of stylohyoid?
CN 7
What is the innervation of diagastric?
anterior belly: CN 5
posterior belly: CN 7
What muscles does CN 5 innervate?
- mylohyoid
- anterior digastric
- masseter
- temporalis
- medial and lateral pterygoid
List the infrahyoid muscles
- sternohyoid
- omohyoid
- thyrohyoid
What innervates infrahyoid muscles?
cervical plexus (ventral rami)
What are the actions for infrahyoid muscles?
depress hyoid/larynx for breathing and vocalization
What is the action of the longus colli?
bilaterally flex skull and unilaterally ab/adduct and rotate
What is the innervation of longus colli?
cervical plexus (ventral rami)
How does longus colli attach?
upper attaches to superior cervical vertebra then middle attach to transverse processes and lower attach to inferior cervical vertebra; forms a diamond
How does longus capitis attach?
skull to transverse processes in middle cervical vertebra
What innervates longus capitis?
cervical plexus (ventral rami)
What is the action of longus capitis and where does it act?
atlantooccipital and upper cervical joints - bilaterally flexes skull and unilaterally ab/adducts and rotates
What is the superior attachment of the scalenes?
transverse process of the cervical vertebra
What is the inferior attachment of the scalenes?
ribs 1 and 2
What is the innervation of the scalenes?
cervical plexus (ventral rami)
What are the actions of the scalenes when origin is upper ribs?
bilaterally flex skull and unilaterally ab/adduct and rotate cervical intervertebral joints
What are the actions of the scalenes when origin is cervical vertebra?
elevate rib cage for inhalation
What are the inspiratory reserve muscles? (3)
- SCM
- scalenes
- external intercostals
What artery supplies blood to the superior 2/3 of the neck?
external carotid
What arteries supply blood to the brain?
2 carotid and 2 vertebral arteries
What artery supplies blood to the base of the neck?
subclavian artery
What does the common carotid split into?
carotid sinus and carotid body
What does the carotid sinus do?
stretch receptor that detects BP
What does the carotid body do?
detects pH as an indirect way to measure O2
What is the ventral rami for the phrenic nerve?
C3, C4, C5 keeps your diaphragm alive
What passes in-between the anterior and middle scalene?
brachial plexus
Where do the sympathetic trunks originate?
lateral horns T1 - L2
