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Gross Anatomy > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What helps in swallowing?

A

elevation of the larynx and hyoid bone

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2
Q

What helps in breathing?

A

depression of the larynx and hyoid bone

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3
Q

What is in the pretrachial layer?

A

trachea, esophagus, thyroid glands, and infrahyoid muscles

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4
Q

What is the anterior border of pretrachial layer?

A

investing layer

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5
Q

What is the posterior border of the pretrachial layer?

A

retropharyngeal layer

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6
Q

What are the lateral borders of the pretrachial layer?

A

carotid sheaths

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7
Q

What is in the prevertebral layer?

A

vertebral column and deep muscles: longus colli, longus capitis, scalenes, and posterior deep cervical muscles

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8
Q

What is the anterior border of prevertebral layer?

A

retropharyngeal

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9
Q

What are in the carotid sheaths?

A

carotid arteries, jugular veins, vagus nerves and lymphatics (neurovascular bundle)

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10
Q

What connects the carotid sheaths?

A

alar fascia

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11
Q

What is in the retropharyngeal space?

A

alar fascia

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12
Q

What is the anterior border of the retropharyngeal space?

A

pretrachial layer

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13
Q

What is the posterior border of the retropharyngeal space?

A

prevertebral layer

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14
Q

What are the lateral borders of the retropharyngeal space?

A

carotid sheaths

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15
Q

What is the superior attachment of SCM?

A

mastoid process of temporal bone

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16
Q

What is the inferior attachment of SCM?

A

clavicle and sternum

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17
Q

What is the action of SCM when insertion on the skull and upper cervicle joints?

A

bilaterally extend head and unilaterally ab/adduct and rotate head

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18
Q

What is the action of SCM when insertion on the sternum and clavicle?

A

inhalation

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19
Q

What innervates SCM?

A

CN 11

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20
Q

What is the action of SCM when insertion is at lower cervical joints?

A

bilateral flex and unilateral ab/adduct and rotate

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21
Q

List the suprahyoid muscles (4)

A
  • mylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
  • stylohyoid
  • diagastric
22
Q

What are the actions of the suprahyoid muscles?

A

elevate hyoid to elevate larynx in swallowing and vocalization

23
Q

What is the innervation for mylohoid?

A

CN 5

24
Q

What is the innervation of geniohyoid?

A

cervical plexus (ventral rami)

25
Q

What is the innervation of stylohyoid?

A

CN 7

26
Q

What is the innervation of diagastric?

A

anterior belly: CN 5

posterior belly: CN 7

27
Q

What muscles does CN 5 innervate?

A
  • mylohyoid
  • anterior digastric
  • masseter
  • temporalis
  • medial and lateral pterygoid
28
Q

List the infrahyoid muscles

A
  • sternohyoid
  • omohyoid
  • thyrohyoid
29
Q

What innervates infrahyoid muscles?

A

cervical plexus (ventral rami)

30
Q

What are the actions for infrahyoid muscles?

A

depress hyoid/larynx for breathing and vocalization

31
Q

What is the action of the longus colli?

A

bilaterally flex skull and unilaterally ab/adduct and rotate

32
Q

What is the innervation of longus colli?

A

cervical plexus (ventral rami)

33
Q

How does longus colli attach?

A

upper attaches to superior cervical vertebra then middle attach to transverse processes and lower attach to inferior cervical vertebra; forms a diamond

34
Q

How does longus capitis attach?

A

skull to transverse processes in middle cervical vertebra

35
Q

What innervates longus capitis?

A

cervical plexus (ventral rami)

36
Q

What is the action of longus capitis and where does it act?

A

atlantooccipital and upper cervical joints - bilaterally flexes skull and unilaterally ab/adducts and rotates

37
Q

What is the superior attachment of the scalenes?

A

transverse process of the cervical vertebra

38
Q

What is the inferior attachment of the scalenes?

A

ribs 1 and 2

39
Q

What is the innervation of the scalenes?

A

cervical plexus (ventral rami)

40
Q

What are the actions of the scalenes when origin is upper ribs?

A

bilaterally flex skull and unilaterally ab/adduct and rotate cervical intervertebral joints

41
Q

What are the actions of the scalenes when origin is cervical vertebra?

A

elevate rib cage for inhalation

42
Q

What are the inspiratory reserve muscles? (3)

A
  • SCM
  • scalenes
  • external intercostals
43
Q

What artery supplies blood to the superior 2/3 of the neck?

A

external carotid

44
Q

What arteries supply blood to the brain?

A

2 carotid and 2 vertebral arteries

45
Q

What artery supplies blood to the base of the neck?

A

subclavian artery

46
Q

What does the common carotid split into?

A

carotid sinus and carotid body

47
Q

What does the carotid sinus do?

A

stretch receptor that detects BP

48
Q

What does the carotid body do?

A

detects pH as an indirect way to measure O2

49
Q

What is the ventral rami for the phrenic nerve?

A

C3, C4, C5 keeps your diaphragm alive

50
Q

What passes in-between the anterior and middle scalene?

A

brachial plexus

51
Q

Where do the sympathetic trunks originate?

A

lateral horns T1 - L2

Gross Anatomy (9 decks)

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