vertebral column

Question 1

what do extrinsic muscles aid with regard to movement

Answer 1

upper limb and rib movement

Question 2

what do intrinsic muscles aid with regard to movement

Answer 2

postural control and movement

Question 3

extrinsic muscles with regard to vertebral column (innervated by anterior rami of spinal nerves of cranial nerve XI) ; list a) superficial and b) deep extrinsic muscles

Answer 3

originate in vertebral column but then go outside vertebral column; a) trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid major and minor, levator scapulae; b) serratus posterior superior, serratus posterior inferior

Question 4

intrinsic muscles with regard to vertebral column (innervated by posterior rami of spinal nerves); list intrinsic muscles

Answer 4

originate in and remain within vertebral column (e.g. attaching to other vertebrae); suboccipital, splenius, erector spinae muscles: iliocostalis (most laterally attaching ileac crest and sacrum to posterior ribs), longissimus (largest and travels along vertebral column), spinalis (smallest and travels most medially along spine)

Question 5

diagram of ligaments

Answer 5

Question 6

location of alar ligaments

Answer 6

from underside of skull across to odontoid peg

Question 7

location of cruciate ligaments

Answer 7

from skull down to C2 vertebrae and bilaterally across, forming a cross

Question 8

function of alar and cruciate ligaments

Answer 8

provide degree of flexibility to allow movement of head, but also provides strength and stability

Question 9

ligaments of the vertebral column: location of posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 9

along posterior of vertebral body inside vertebral foramen

Question 10

ligaments of the vertebral column: location of anterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 10

along anterior of vertebral body

Question 11

ligaments of the vertebral column: location of supraspinous ligament

Answer 11

along spinous processes

Question 12

ligaments of the vertebral column: location of interspinous ligament

Answer 12

connect adjoining spinous processes of the vertebra, before blending to form supraspinous ligament

Question 13

ligaments of the vertebral column: location of ligamentum flavum

Answer 13

connects the laminae of vertebrae

Question 14

function of vertical ligaments

Answer 14

limit flexion

Question 15

diagram of vertebral ligaments

Answer 15