oral cavity and upper GI tract

Question 1

3 components of pharynx (superior to inferior)

Answer 1

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Question 2

what is located posterior to airway below laryngopharynx

Answer 2

oesophagus

Question 3

function of epiglottis

Answer 3

during swallowing, larynx raises which causes epiglottis to retroflex and cover airway to prevent food entry into upper airway

Question 4

location of hard and soft palates

Answer 4

superiorly on roof of mouth, with hard palate anterior and soft palate posterior

Question 5

what is the hard palate made from

Answer 5

bone

Question 6

function of hard palate

Answer 6

useful in mastication when chewing food (food pushed against it)

Question 7

what is located on either side of the laryngopharynx where food obstructions are common

Answer 7

piriform fossa

Question 8

3 constrictor muscles of pharynx

Answer 8

superior, middle, inferior

Question 9

function of 3 constrictor muscles in pharynx

Answer 9

push food down into upper GI tract by sequential contraction, aiding swallowing

Question 10

sensory innervation of constrictor muscles of pharynx

Answer 10

IX, X (pharyngeal plexus)

Question 11

motor innervation to constrictor muscles of pharynx

Answer 11

X (IX)

Question 12

2 superficial muscles of mastication

Answer 12

masseter, temporalis

Question 13

attachments of masseter muscle

Answer 13

zygomatic arch to lateral surface of ramus and angle of mandible

Question 14

function of masseter muscle

Answer 14

elevates mandible to allow forced closure of mouth

Question 15

innervation of masseter (and all other muscles of mastication excluding buccinator), and hence how to test for the motor function of this cranial nerve

Answer 15

mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (V3), so get patient to clench teeth and masseter will bulge laterally

Question 16

attachments of temporalis muscle

Answer 16

temporal fossa to coronoid process of mandible

Question 17

function of temporalis muscle

Answer 17

elevates and retracts mandible

Question 18

function of buccinator muscle

Answer 18

push food into the middle of the mouth, facial expression

Question 19

innervation of buccinator muscle

Answer 19

facial nerve (VII)

Question 20

test for buccinator muscle

Answer 20

ask patient to suck in cheeks

Question 21

2 deep muscles of mastication

Answer 21

lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid

Question 22

attachments of lateral pterygoid

Answer 22

sphenoid bone at lateral pterygoid plate to neck of mandible

Question 23

function of lateral pterygoid

Answer 23

depresses and protracts mandible to open mouth

Question 24

attachments of medial pterygoid

Answer 24

sphenoid bone at lateral pterygoid plate and maxilla plate to angle of mandible

Question 25

function of medial pterygoid

Answer 25

elevates, protracts and allows lateral movement of mandible (e.g. for chewing)