cranium, meninges and brain

Question 1

what is present in each parietal bone posteriorly

Answer 1

parietal foramen

Question 2

foramina of the cranial base of the anterior cranial fossa

Answer 2

foramen cecum at anterior of cribriform plate, foramina of cribriform plate

Question 3

bilateral foramina of the cranial base of the middle cranial fossa: anterior

Answer 3

optic canal (underneath of which is superior orbital fissure), foramen rotundum

Question 4

foramina of the cranial base of the middle cranial fossa: posterior from medial to lateral

Answer 4

foramen lacerum (sphenopetrosal fissure), carotid canal (internal aperture), foramen ovale, foramen spinosum

Question 5

major medial foramen of the cranial base of the posterior cranial fossa

Answer 5

foramen magnum

Question 6

other bilateral foramina of the cranial base of the middle cranial fossa: medial to lateral

Answer 6

hypoglossal canal; jugular foramen (posterior), internal acoustic meatus (anterior)

Question 7

diagram of skull foramina of cranial base

Answer 7

Question 8

what cranial nerve fibres emerge from cribriform plate of ethmoid

Answer 8

olfactory nerve fibres

Question 9

what emerges from optic canal

Answer 9

optic nerve (incl. central artery of retina), opthalmic artery

Question 10

what emerges from superior orbital fissure

Answer 10

oculomotor, trochlear, opthalmic division of trigeminal (V1), abducent cranial nerves; superior opthalmic vein

Question 11

what emerges from foramen rotundum

Answer 11

maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (V2)

Question 12

what emerges from foramen ovale

Answer 12

mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (V3)

Question 13

what emerges from foramen lacerum (sphenopetrosal fissure)

Answer 13

branch of external carotid artery

Question 14

what emerges from foramen spinosum

Answer 14

middle meningeal artery and vein

Question 15

what emerges from carotid canal (internal aperture)

Answer 15

internal carotid artery; external aperture is apreture through which internal carotid artery comes superiorly to skull

Question 16

what emerges from internal acoustic meatus

Answer 16

facial, vestibulocochlear cranial nerves; labyrinthine artery

Question 17

what emerges from jugular foramen

Answer 17

glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory cranial nerves; sigmoid sinus (drains into internal jugular vein)

Question 18

what emerges from hypoglossal canal

Answer 18

hypoglossal cranial nerve

Question 19

what emerges from foramen magnus

Answer 19

vertebral arteries, medulla of brain, spinal roots of acessory nerve

Question 20

diagram of cranial nerves from ventral view of brain

Answer 20

Question 21

12 pairs of cranial nerves, functions and tests (from rostral end to caudal end)

Answer 21

I: olfactory

II: optic
III: oculomotor
IV: trochlear
V: trigeminal
VI: abducens
VII: facial
VIII: vestibulocochlear
IX: glossopharyngeal
X: vagus
XI: accessory
XII: hypoglossal

Question 22

diagram of cranial nerves and blood vessels, and corresponding foramina

Answer 22