cranium, meninges and brain Flashcards
foramina of the skull: identify major foramina and list the structure(s) that each transmits
what is present in each parietal bone posteriorly
parietal foramen
foramina of the cranial base of the anterior cranial fossa
foramen cecum at anterior of cribriform plate, foramina of cribriform plate
bilateral foramina of the cranial base of the middle cranial fossa: anterior
optic canal (underneath of which is superior orbital fissure), foramen rotundum
foramina of the cranial base of the middle cranial fossa: posterior from medial to lateral
foramen lacerum (sphenopetrosal fissure), carotid canal (internal aperture), foramen ovale, foramen spinosum
major medial foramen of the cranial base of the posterior cranial fossa
foramen magnum
other bilateral foramina of the cranial base of the middle cranial fossa: medial to lateral
hypoglossal canal; jugular foramen (posterior), internal acoustic meatus (anterior)
diagram of skull foramina of cranial base
what cranial nerve fibres emerge from cribriform plate of ethmoid
olfactory nerve fibres
what emerges from optic canal
optic nerve (incl. central artery of retina), opthalmic artery
what emerges from superior orbital fissure
oculomotor, trochlear, opthalmic division of trigeminal (V1), abducent cranial nerves; superior opthalmic vein
what emerges from foramen rotundum
maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (V2)
what emerges from foramen ovale
mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (V3)
what emerges from foramen lacerum (sphenopetrosal fissure)
branch of external carotid artery
what emerges from foramen spinosum
middle meningeal artery and vein
what emerges from carotid canal (internal aperture)
internal carotid artery; external aperture is apreture through which internal carotid artery comes superiorly to skull
what emerges from internal acoustic meatus
facial, vestibulocochlear cranial nerves; labyrinthine artery
what emerges from jugular foramen
glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory cranial nerves; sigmoid sinus (drains into internal jugular vein)
what emerges from hypoglossal canal
hypoglossal cranial nerve
what emerges from foramen magnus
vertebral arteries, medulla of brain, spinal roots of acessory nerve
diagram of cranial nerves from ventral view of brain
12 pairs of cranial nerves, functions and tests (from rostral end to caudal end)
I: olfactory
II: optic
III: oculomotor
IV: trochlear
V: trigeminal
VI: abducens
VII: facial
VIII: vestibulocochlear
IX: glossopharyngeal
X: vagus
XI: accessory
XII: hypoglossal
diagram of cranial nerves and blood vessels, and corresponding foramina
