Verbs and Shit Flashcards
A phrase is
a group of words that work as a single unit of meaning but not as a complete sentence. It might have a subject or predicate but doesn’t have both.
Prepositional phrases
Modify something in the sentence. They usually work like an adjective (answering “What kind?” or “Which one?”) or adverbs (answering “Where?” “When?” “How?” or “Why?”). They can occur with other objects or with complements or simply with a subject and verb.
A verbs aspect
Indicates whether an action is finished or ongoing.
A verb tense
Shows when the action took place.
Simple Present
For a general statement, and it’s just the base form of the verb, with no auxiliary.
(I LIKE tacos. I MAKE them a lot. I BUY them from a food truck, too.)
Present progressive
For an ongoing action and is formed with the present tense of be plus the -ing form of the verb.
(She IS READING the works of Dostoevsky this summer.)
Present perfect
Something that was completed in the past but is relevant in the present. It’s formed with the present tense of have plus the past participle form of the verb.
(Now that you HAVE FINISHED your essay, let’s go out!)
Present perfect progressive
For ongoing actions that started in the past and are still going on now. It’s formed with the present tense of have plus been plus the -ing form of the verb.
(They HAVE BEEN LIVING in Kansas for more than a decade.)
Simple past
Makes a general statement that something happened and is just the past tense form of the verb, with no auxiliaries.
(I LOVED that book. Alyssa BUILT the shelves. We DID it.)
Past progressive
For an ongoing action, usually something that was interrupted when something else happened. It’s formed with the past tense of be plus the -ing form of the verb.
(My family WAS WATCHING a movie when the tornado sirens went off.)
Past perfect
For actions that were completed in the past before something else in the past that you’re talking about. It’s formed with had plus the -ed past participle form of the verb .
(Luckily, we HAD CLEANED the office before the CEO’s surprise visit.)
Past perfect progressive
For an action that was ongoing in the past before it stopped when something else in the past happened. This is formed with had been plus the -ing form of the verb.
(The team HAD BEEN WORKING on this project for over a month when it got canceled.)
Simple future
Makes a general statement that something will happen. It’s formed one of two ways: will plus the base form of the verb, or the present tense of be plus going to plus the base form of the verb.
(I WILL BE back. I AM not GOING TO GIVE up.)
Future progressive
For something ongoing in the future. It’s formed with will plus be plus the -ing form of the verb.
(I’d love to go but I WILL BE WORKING all weekend.)
Future perfect
Indicates that at a times in the future, something will be done. This is formed with will have plus the -ed past participle form of the verb.
(Hopefully, Jared WILL HAVE FINISHED his homework before you get here.)
Future perfect progressive
For an ongoing action in the future that ties into another future action. It’s formed with will have been plus the -ing form of the verb.
(By the time they catch up, we WILL HAVE BEEN LOOKING for several hours already.)
Indicative mood
States a fact, asks a question, or expresses an opinion.
You bought the blue dress. What made you choose the blue one? I think you look great!
Subjunctive mood
Used for hypothetical and contrary-to-fact situations, as well as for wishes and requests.
(If it hadn’t rained (but it did), we would have gone to the park (but we didn’t).)
(I wish I Knew how to speak Japanese (but I don’t).)
A conditional
Is an indicative. It could happen, a subjunctive didn’t or won’t. (If you build it, they will come.)
Imperative mood
Expresses a command. The subject (you) is understood but usually omitted.
(Get out of this house! Entertain us. Stop at red lights. Don’t talk to strangers.)
Simple present
An action that occurs on a regular basis.
A fact that stands true all the time.
Ex. I play football regularly.
Sun rises in the east.
Simple present structure
Subject + base verb + object. In third person use s/es verb
Ex. I play football regularly.
Sun rises in the east.
An action that occurs on a regular basis.
A fact that stands true all the time.
Simple present
Simple past
An action that was completed before present.
ex. I played football yesterday.
An action that was completed before present.
Simple past tense
