Verbs and Shit Flashcards
A phrase is
a group of words that work as a single unit of meaning but not as a complete sentence. It might have a subject or predicate but doesn’t have both.
Prepositional phrases
Modify something in the sentence. They usually work like an adjective (answering “What kind?” or “Which one?”) or adverbs (answering “Where?” “When?” “How?” or “Why?”). They can occur with other objects or with complements or simply with a subject and verb.
A verbs aspect
Indicates whether an action is finished or ongoing.
A verb tense
Shows when the action took place.
Simple Present
For a general statement, and it’s just the base form of the verb, with no auxiliary.
(I LIKE tacos. I MAKE them a lot. I BUY them from a food truck, too.)
Present progressive
For an ongoing action and is formed with the present tense of be plus the -ing form of the verb.
(She IS READING the works of Dostoevsky this summer.)
Present perfect
Something that was completed in the past but is relevant in the present. It’s formed with the present tense of have plus the past participle form of the verb.
(Now that you HAVE FINISHED your essay, let’s go out!)
Present perfect progressive
For ongoing actions that started in the past and are still going on now. It’s formed with the present tense of have plus been plus the -ing form of the verb.
(They HAVE BEEN LIVING in Kansas for more than a decade.)
Simple past
Makes a general statement that something happened and is just the past tense form of the verb, with no auxiliaries.
(I LOVED that book. Alyssa BUILT the shelves. We DID it.)
Past progressive
For an ongoing action, usually something that was interrupted when something else happened. It’s formed with the past tense of be plus the -ing form of the verb.
(My family WAS WATCHING a movie when the tornado sirens went off.)
Past perfect
For actions that were completed in the past before something else in the past that you’re talking about. It’s formed with had plus the -ed past participle form of the verb .
(Luckily, we HAD CLEANED the office before the CEO’s surprise visit.)
Past perfect progressive
For an action that was ongoing in the past before it stopped when something else in the past happened. This is formed with had been plus the -ing form of the verb.
(The team HAD BEEN WORKING on this project for over a month when it got canceled.)
Simple future
Makes a general statement that something will happen. It’s formed one of two ways: will plus the base form of the verb, or the present tense of be plus going to plus the base form of the verb.
(I WILL BE back. I AM not GOING TO GIVE up.)
Future progressive
For something ongoing in the future. It’s formed with will plus be plus the -ing form of the verb.
(I’d love to go but I WILL BE WORKING all weekend.)
Future perfect
Indicates that at a times in the future, something will be done. This is formed with will have plus the -ed past participle form of the verb.
(Hopefully, Jared WILL HAVE FINISHED his homework before you get here.)
Future perfect progressive
For an ongoing action in the future that ties into another future action. It’s formed with will have been plus the -ing form of the verb.
(By the time they catch up, we WILL HAVE BEEN LOOKING for several hours already.)
Indicative mood
States a fact, asks a question, or expresses an opinion.
You bought the blue dress. What made you choose the blue one? I think you look great!
Subjunctive mood
Used for hypothetical and contrary-to-fact situations, as well as for wishes and requests.
(If it hadn’t rained (but it did), we would have gone to the park (but we didn’t).)
(I wish I Knew how to speak Japanese (but I don’t).)
A conditional
Is an indicative. It could happen, a subjunctive didn’t or won’t. (If you build it, they will come.)
Imperative mood
Expresses a command. The subject (you) is understood but usually omitted.
(Get out of this house! Entertain us. Stop at red lights. Don’t talk to strangers.)
Simple present
An action that occurs on a regular basis.
A fact that stands true all the time.
Ex. I play football regularly.
Sun rises in the east.
Simple present structure
Subject + base verb + object. In third person use s/es verb
Ex. I play football regularly.
Sun rises in the east.
An action that occurs on a regular basis.
A fact that stands true all the time.
Simple present
Simple past
An action that was completed before present.
ex. I played football yesterday.
An action that was completed before present.
Simple past tense
Simple past structure
Subject + past verb + object
ex. I played football yesterday.
Subject + past verb + object
Simple past structure
Subject + base verb + object. In third person use s/es verb
Simple present structure
Simple future
An action which will happen in the future
ex. I will play football tomorrow.
An action which will happen in the future
Simple future
Simple future structure
Subject + will + base form + object
ex. I will play football tomorrow.
Subject + will + base form + object
Simple future structure
Present progressive
Action currently going on.
ex. I am playing football right now.
Action currently going on.
Present progressive
Present progressive structure
Subject + present form of be + ing form of verb + object
ex. I am playing football right now.
Present form of be
Is, am, are.
Past progressive
An action that began in the past and was still going on until some other action occurred.
ex. I was playing football when you arrived.
An action that began in the past and was still going on until some other action occurred.
Past progressive
Past progressive structure
Subject + be + ing form + object.
ex. I was playing football when you arrived.
Past form of be
was, were
was, were
Past form of be
Is, am, are.
Present form of be
Future progressive
An action in the future that will still go on until another action occurs.
Ex. I will be playing football when you arrive.
An action in the future that will still go on until another action occurs.
Future progressive
Future progressive structure
Subject + will be + ing form + object.
Ex. I will be playing football when you arrive.
Present perfect
An action that began in the past and continues in present is still true.
Action that happened in the past but time is not specified.
Ex. I have played football a lot this week.
I have finished my homework. (no time specified)
An action that began in the past and continues in present is still true.
Action that happened in the past but time is not specified.
Present perfect
Present perfect structure
Subject + have/has + past participle + object.
Past perfect
Action that completed before any other action in the past.
Ex. I had played football before you came.
Action that completed before any other action in the past.
Past perfect
Past perfect structure
Subject + (had) + past participle + object
Future perfect
Action that will happen before another event in the future.
ex. I will have played football by the time you arrive.
Action that will happen before another event in the future.
Future perfect
Future perfect structure
Subject + (will have) + past participle + object
Present perfect progressive
Action that started in the past and is still going on in the present.
More importance is given to the duration of the event.
ex. I have been playing football since 2015.
Action that started in the past and is still going on in the present.
Present perfect progressive
Present perfect progressive structure
Subject + (have been) + Ing + object
Past perfect progressive
An action which began in the past at a certain time and continued until some other action occurred.
More importance given to duration.
ex. I had been playing football for one hour before I arrived
An action which began in the past at a certain time and continued until some other action occurred
More importance given to duration
Past perfect progressive
Past perfect progressive structure
Subject + (had been) + Ing + object
Future perfect progressive
An action which will begin and continue until a point in the future.
More importance to duration of event.
ex. When i turn thirty, I will have been playing football for 20 years.
An action which will begin and continue until a point in the future.
More importance to duration of event.
Future perfect progressive
Future perfect progressive structure
Subject + (will have been) + Ing + object
