Verbs (A2) Flashcards
6 main types of verb
Stative Dynamic Transitive Intransitive Auxiliary Lexical
What are verbs? What do they do?
Essentially ‘doing’ words
Describe actions and states
What are features of stative verbs?
Describe states of being or processes
No obvious actions
Not normally used as commands
Don’t usually occur after the verb “to be” + ‘ing’ ending
Examples of stative verbs
To know To believe To remember To realise To suppose To appear
What are dynamic verbs?
Express lots of different kinds of actions
Can be used as commands
Types of actions that dynamic verbs refer to and examples: (3)
Physical (jump)
Mental (think)
Perceptual (see)
What is the difference between transitive and intransitive verbs?
Transitive: have to be followed by object receiving the action
Intransitive: don’t need to be followed by the object to make sense
Example of a transitive verb in context:
I carried the baby
^
Example of an intransitive verb:
The child cried
^
What do intransitive verbs describe?
Either:
Position (to sit, to lie)
Or Motion (to run, to go)
Sometimes a verb can be transitive and intransitive depending on the context. Give an example
I am eating (I)
I am eating cake (t)
How can you tell if a word is a verb?
Add an ‘ing’ ending to see if it still makes sense
By placing the word after ‘I’ or ‘we’
What 5 different forms (including base) do regular and irregular verbs come in?
base infinitive (to+base) 3 p s present Past tense and past participle Present participle
Which two forms are the same in regular verbs, but different in irregular?
Past tense and Past participle
What is the regular rule of the infinitive
to + verb
What is the regular rule of 3 p s present
’s’ ending
What is the regular rule of the past tense and past participle
‘ed’ ending
What is the regular rule for the present particple
‘ing’ ending
What are features of irregular verbs?
Have 5 separate forms (not including base)
Don’t conform to regular rules of verbs
What is the general rule of irregular verbs and the past participle?
Formed like:
have + verb + irregular ending
What are lexical verbs for?
Used to express meaning in verb phrases
e.g. the boy RAN to school
What are auxiliary verbs?
Additional verbs used to ‘aid’ the main verb in the sentence or clause
(Also known as helper verbs)
Give an example of an auxiliary verb
I have finished my dinner
“Have” is the auxiliary verb
“Finished” is the main verb
What are auxiliary verbs used for?
To differentiate between: time (tense) questions negatives add emphasis give information
What are the primary verbs?
to be
to have
to do
What are primary verbs sometimes used as?
Auxiliary verbs
What are modal verbs?
Another type of auxiliary verb
What are modal verbs used for?
To indicate modality:
likelihood, ability, permission and obligation
9 examples of modal verbs
can could may might must shall should will would
