Pronouns Flashcards
Subject pronouns
- type of personal pronoun
- used when clear who the sentence is referring to (person doing the action)
When are pronouns used?
Replace nouns, noun phrases or noun clauses
What are the different “persons” in general?
1st p, s 2nd p, s 3rd p, s 1st p, p 2nd p, p 3rd p, p
What are the “persons” used for subject pronouns
In order
I You He/She/It We You They
Object pronouns
- type of personal pronoun
- used when pronoun replaces the nouns receiving the action (made the object)
What are the “persons” used for object pronouns
In order
Me You Him/Her/It Us You Them
Possessive pronouns
Show person’s possession of something
What are the “persons” used for possessive pronouns
In order
Mine Your's His/Hers Ours Your's Their's
Reflexive pronouns
- when the person is both receiving and doing the action (both the subject and the object)
- REFLECTS back to the person
What are reflexive pronouns similar to?
And what are the differences?
Intensive pronouns
With these the pronoun is not the object aswell, it just emphasises the pronoun/noun in the same sentence
What are the “persons” used in reflexive pronouns
Myself Yourself Himself/Herself/Itself Ourselves Yourselves Themselves
Which types of pronoun use “persons”
Subject and object pronouns (personal pronouns)
Possessive pronouns
Reflexive pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns
- point to specific things
- this relates to how “close” something is to the speaker
Why are the four types of demonstrative pronoun
This
These
That
Those
Interrogative pronouns
Used to ask questions
Relative pronouns
-Directly follow nouns
-introduce relative clauses
(Sometimes the noun is omitted)
What are they types of interrogative pronouns
What Which Who Whom Whose
Types of relative pronouns
That Which Who Whom Whose
Interrogative pronouns are similar to
Relative pronouns
Types of indefinite pronouns
“Of” pronouns
Compound pronouns
Indefinite pronouns
-Less certain reference points
E.g. Refer to unidentified people, places, things or ideas
Types of “Of” pronouns
All of Both of Each of Neither of Some of
“Of” pronouns
-always followed by an object pronoun
Compound pronouns
Every Some Any No (All of the above plus with either the ending "thing", "one" or "body") E.g. Nobody, everything
BEFORE YOU STATE WHETHER SOMETHING IS A PRONOUN OR DETERMINER LOOK TO SEE:
If there is a noun after it = determiner
If it replaces a noun = pronoun
Pronouns can have two different types of Cohesion. What are they?
Anaphoric Cohesion
Cataphoric Cohesion
What is cohesion?
Where the pronoun refers to something, either previously mentioned or post mentioned.
What is anaphoric cohesion?
Where the pronoun refers to something previously mention, refers “up” the page.
Example of anaphoric cohesion:
The goalkeeper initially caught the ball but then HE dropped it.
What is cataphoric cohesion?
Where the pronoun doesn’t refer back to something previously mentioned, has the opposite effect of anaphoric cohesion. refers “down” the page.
Example of cataphoric cohesion:
HE caught the ball but then the goalie dropped it.
Which type of cohesion is more commonly used?
Anaphoric
Can you lack cohesion?
Yes
How can you lack cohesion?
When using a pronoun when pointing to something when it’s obvious what you’re talking about. It’s obvious what the pronoun is referring to without cohesion.
When is a lack of cohesion more commonly used?
In spoken mode
