Spoken Mode - Pragmatics Flashcards
Co-operation/Politeness/Face
1.are speakers supportive?
2.back-channelling
3.repeating other’s vocab
4.adhering to Grice’s Maxims
5.Lakoff’s politeness principal
6.respecting other’s face needs
7.politeness features
8.features that mitigate the force of an utterance
(see other deck for definitions of: 2,4 and 5)
How can participants be supportive
Use of back-channelling to show that they are listening
Grice’s Maxims
Lakoff’s Politeness Principal
Asking questions and including everyone
Why do people repeat other’s vocab
To be supportive, a person may repeat another’s vocab to try and relate to them and encourage their participation.
What is Face
The image that we present ourselves as to other people. For example one might present themselves as a loving friend or a knowledgable student.
Face needs
Adhering to someone’s “face” and giving them supportive feedback relating to what they are presenting themselves as.
Face threatening
When someone may mock someone else’s “face”. Something can be said or done which would challenge a person’s face to be deemed face threatening.
What does Face say about a conversation
“Face” is usually another way in which to determine someone’s status, whether it be within the conversation or society. Someone who has a lower status is usually more attentive to the face needs of people of a higher status than them, rather than vice versa.
Convergence/Divergence
do speakers converge or diverge in:
- politeness
- lexical choices
- accent and dialect
What is Convergence
When the speech styles of two or more people move closer to each other in order to reduce the social distance between them
What is Divergence
When the speech styles of two or more people more away from each other in order to increase the social distance between them
