Cohesion Flashcards
What is cohesion?
A technique which refers to other parts of a text, connecting them together
What are the two types of cohesion?
Grammatical
Lexical
What is Grammatical cohesion?
Involves the sentence structure and the grammatical function of words:
Includes reference, identification, ellipsis and conjunctions
What is lexical cohesion?
Involves use of word meanings:
Includes repetition and collocation
What does referencing use?
Pronouns (usually he, she, it, they) Demonstrative pronouns (this, that)
What are the two types of referencing?
Cataphoric
Anaphoric
What is Anaphoric Referencing?
Where the pronoun refers to something previously mentioned
What is Cataphoric Referencing?
Where the pronoun doesn’t refer to something previously mentioned, but refers to something not yet mentioned
Which type of referencing do people usually use?
Anaphoric
Can you also lack cohesion?
Yes, when pointing to something which is obvious what the pronoun is referring to. This is more acceptable in spoken mode than written mode
What does Bernstein believe about referencing cohesion?
Middle Class people (elaborated code) are more likely to use cohesion and have better use of it than Working Class people
What does identification cohesion use?
Determiners such as the, this and that
What does identification cohesion do?
Use of determiner shows the noun has previously been mentioned
How is the noun first introduced in identification cohesion?
Use of definite article (a) before the use of “the”
What is ellipsis cohesion?
Where a part of a sentence has been omitted and a previous part of the text allows us to understand the missing element
What is conjunction cohesion?
The use of conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs as a cohesive device
What do connectives allow to happen with cohesion?
Show the link of different parts of the text and indicate the relationship between them
What does repetition cohesion involve?
Repetition of a word or synonym
How is repetition cohesion used?
To show the link between two sentences e.g.
I have good NEWS everyone. I know you have been waiting for this NEWS for a long time…
What is collocation cohesion?
The use of words which naturally occur together
What does collocation create?
Phrases or longer stretches of text
Why is collocation cohesive?
Because of the words’ meanings they are already linked in people’s minds
