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COM - Neuro > Ventricular System & Cerebral Vessels - Stephens 3/28 > Flashcards

Ventricular System & Cerebral Vessels - Stephens 3/28 Flashcards

1
Q

In 2/3 of cases what does the superior sagittal sinus empty directly into?

A

Right transverse sinus

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2
Q

In 2/3 of cases what drains into the left transverse sinus?

A

Straight sinus

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of Herniations that may result from an Epidural Hematoma?

A

Falx
Uncal/tentorial
Tonsillar

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4
Q

Bilateral compression of the midbrain reticular formation results in what?

A

Progressive decrease in the level of consciousness

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5
Q

Where is an epidural hematoma located?

A

Between the endocranium and dura mater

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6
Q

What causes an epidural hematoma?

A

Rupture of middle meningeal artery

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7
Q

When does a subarachnoid hemorrhage occur?

A

Cerebral blood vessel ruptures in subarachnoid space

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8
Q

What indicates a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

Sampled how?

A

Erythrocytes in the CSF

Lumbar puncture or cerbellomedullary cistern

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9
Q

How does CSF flow out of the lateral ventricles?

Into where?

A

Interventricular foramen of Monroe

3rd ventricle

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10
Q

From the 3rd ventricle where does CSF go?

To where?

A

4th ventricle

Cerebral aqueduct

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11
Q

How does CSF get out of the 4th ventricle?

A

2 lateral apertures (Luschka)

1 medial aperture (Magendie)

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12
Q

Absorption of CSF occurs in the arachnoid villi, adjacent to what?

A

Superior sagittal sinus

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13
Q

What is papilledema?

What causes it?

A

DEC venous drainage from the retina results in edema of the retina and swelling of the optic disc

INC intracranial pressure on small veins of optic nerve

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14
Q

Excessive accumulation of CSF in the subarachnoid space is called what?

A

External hydrocephalus

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15
Q

External hydrocephalus can be of what 2 forms?

Associated problems?

A

Supratentorial external hydrocephalus - atrophy of coretx -> Alzheimer’s

Infratentorial external - w/communicating hydrocephalus

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16
Q

What is a lemniscus?

What are the 4 clinically important ones?

A

Bundle of crossed, secondary nerve fibers in a conscious sensory fiber

Spinal
Lateral
Trigeminal
Medial

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17
Q

What is internal hydrocephalus called?
Why?

Obstruction of what?

Results in what?

A

Noncommunicating bc it does not drain into the subarachnoid space

Obstruction in ventricle system

Dilation of ventricles proximal to the obstruction

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18
Q

What causes communicating hydrocephalus?

What is the result?

A

Obstruction of subarachnoid space at the level of the Tentorial membrane

Infratentorial external (CSF in the infratentorial subarachnoid space) and internal (ventricle hypertrophy) hydrocephalus

19
Q

What is the ischemic penumbra in regional CBF?

A

Watershed region -> too ischemic to function, yet critically viable

Tx: directed at rescuing ischemic penumbra by improving tissue acidosis and oxygen delivery

20
Q

Branches of the ACA supply what region?

Occlusions of these branches result in what?

A

Paracentral lobule region

Paresis and/or paraesthesia of the leg and foot

21
Q

The Recurrent artery of Heubner is considered what?

Located where?

Supplies what?

A

Medial striate artery

Proximal to ACA

Internal capsule and corpus striatum (globus pallidus, putamen, and caudate)

22
Q

What defines the dominant hemisphere?

A

Presence of Broca’s speech area

23
Q

Wernicke’s area is responsible for what?

A

Language comprehension

24
Q

MCA occlusions may result in what?

A

Sensor and/or motor deficits in the contralateral upper limb and head

25
Q

Thrombosis results in expressive or Broca’s aphasia. What is it characterized by?

A

Motor language disorder characterized by cryptic, telegraphic speech w/frustrating problem in invitation of speech motor patterns

26
Q

Obstruction of an artery in the dominant hemisphere may result in Wernicke’s aphasia. What is it?

Characterized by what?

A

Receptive language disorder

Fluent and talkative, lack content or meaning in their spoken and written comprehension

27
Q

What is the chief arterial supply to the supra marginal and angular regions?

Obstruction of this artery in the dominant hemisphere may result in what?

A

Angular artery

Wernicke’s aphasia

28
Q

Disruption of blood flow to the anterior spinal artery results in what?

Specifically what?

Characterized by what?

A

Central cord syndrome

Ischemia of the central region of the spinal cord

Central necrosis and cavitation of the spinal cord and the development of the syrinx

29
Q

What do the posterior spinal arteries branch off?

Supply what?

A

Vertebral a or posterior inferior cerebellar a (PICA)

Dorsal roots and 3/4 of posterior columns

30
Q

What do the anterior and posterior radicular arteries course with?

A

Ant - ventral rootlets

Post - dorsal rootlets

31
Q

Displacement of the PICA on angiograms of the posterior cranial fossa indicates what?

A

Space occupying mass such as a tumor

32
Q

Thrombosis of PICA results in what?

A

Lateral Medullary (Wallenberg) Syndrome

33
Q

What does the superior cerebellar artery supply?

Branches off what?

A

Superior lateral portion of the cerebellum, deep cerebellar nuclei, pons and midbrain

Basilar artery

34
Q

What is the last branch off the basilar artery?

Supplies what?

A

Posterior Cereberal A (PCA)

Primary visual cortex

35
Q

The posterior spinal artery has penetrating branches to where?

A

Posterior 1/3 of spinal cord

36
Q

What drains into the Great vein of Galen?

Where does the Great vein of Galen empty into?

A

Internal cerebral vein
Basal vein of Rosenthal

Straight sinus

37
Q

What drains into the Basal vein of Rosenthal?

A

middle deep cerebral v

Anterior cerebral v

38
Q

What drains into the internal cerebral vein?

A

Terminal v

Anterior septal v

39
Q

What cortical areas does the MCA supply?

A 
Primary motor cortex
Premotor cortex
Primary somesthetic cortex
Primary auditory cortex
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
40
Q

What may be compromised during surgical repair of AAA or a Thoracolumbar fracture?

What does it supply?

A

Greater Artery of Adamkiewicz

Inferior 2/3 of the spinal cord

41
Q

Lesion to the labyrinth artery causes what?

A

Hearing and equlibrium problems

42
Q

Occlusion to the anterior inferior cerebellar artery causes what?

A

Facial droop

43
Q

Uncal Herniations may compress what CN?

What 2 structures is this CN located between?

A

Posterior Cerebral Artery

Superior Cerebellar Artery

COM - Neuro (13 decks)

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