Blood Vessels And Lymphatics - Stephens 3/22

Question 1

What does the vertebral artery terminate as?

Supplies what circulation?

Answer 1

Basilar artery

Posterior (Brainstem, cerebellum, occipital lobe)

Question 2

What is the blood supply to the circle of Willis?

Answer 2

Internal carotid - 80%

Vertebral a. - 20%

Question 3

Significant shunting from anterior to posterior results in what?

Answer 3

Hyperperfusion and cerebral edema

Question 4

How do you describe the Circle of Willis?

Answer 4

Asymmetrical and incomplete

Question 5

What can lead to vertebro-basilar insufficiency?

Clinical signs?

Answer 5

Subclavian steal syndrome

Dizziness, CN dysfunction, paralysis, loss of consciousness

Question 6

What causes subclavian steal syndrome?

Answer 6

Obstruction of subclavian a. Proximal to vertebral a.

Episodic INC in peripheral circulatory demand in associated extremity -> due to physical work

Shunting of blood from vertebro-basilar circulation into distal subclavian a.

Question 7

Where does the vertebral artery course through?

Answer 7

Transverse foramen of C6 and foramen magnum

Question 8

What arteries branch off the 1st part of the subclavian artery?

Answer 8

Internal thoracic a.
Vertebral a.
Thyrocervical arterial trunk

Question 9

What are the branches of the thyrocervical arterial trunk?

Answer 9

Transverse cervical a.
Inf. Thyroid a.
Ascending cervical a.
Suprascapular a.

Question 10

50% of the time what may branch off the transverse cervical artery?

Answer 10

Dorsal scapular artery

Question 11

What artery enters the larynx with the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Answer 11

Inferior laryngeal artery

Question 12

What is the 1st branch off the internal carotid inside the skull?

Answer 12

Ophthalmic a.

Question 13

What is the components of the circle of Willis?

Answer 13

Anterior cerebral a
Ant communicating a
Posterior cerebral a
Post communicating a

Question 14

Branches off the External Carotid a?

Answer 14

Superior thyroid a.
Ascending pharyngeal a
Lingual a
Facial a
Occipital a
Posterior auricular a
Maxillary a
Superficial temporal a

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Question 15

What is the major branch of the superior thyroid artery?

Where does it pierce?

With what?

Answer 15

Superior laryngeal a

Thyrohyoid membrane

Internal laryngeal nerve

Question 16

What are the terminal branches of the ECA?

Answer 16

Superficial temporal a

Maxillary a

Question 17

What vessel is used in neurosurgery to bypass obstructions of the middle cerebral artery?

Answer 17

Superficial temporal artery

Question 18

What does the maxillary artery supply?

Answer 18

Infratemporal fossa and posterior 2/3 naval cavity (hard palate)

Question 19

What forms the retromandibular vein?

Answer 19

Superficial temporal v

Maxillary vv

Question 20

What is the primary venous drainage of the brain?

Answer 20

IJV

Question 21

Which bulb of the IJV has a valve?

Which does not?

Answer 21

Inferior bulb

Superior bulb

Question 22

What are the tributaries to the IJV?

Answer 22

Facial v
Lingual v
Superior and middle thyroid v
right lymphatic trunk and left thoracic I duct

Question 23

Where do pericervical LNs drain?

What are they?

Answer 23

Deep cervical LNs

BOSSMP
Buccal
Occipital
Submandibular
Submental
Mastoid 
Parotid

Question 24

Where are superficial cervical LNs located?

Where do they drain?

Answer 24

EJV and Anterior JV

Deep cervical LNs

Question 25

Where are the deep cervical nodes located?

Answer 25

IJV

Question 26

What are the 2 most important deep cervical LNs?

Answer 26

Jugulo-digastric

Jugulo-omohyoid

Question 27

Where is the thoracic duct located?

Answer 27

In front of the anterior scalene behind the carotid sheath

Left side ONLY
In front of 1st part of subclavian a

Question 28

What is the arterial supply to the head and neck?

Answer 28

Brachiocephalic a. (R common carotid and R subclavian)
Left Common carotid
Left Subclavian