Pharynx And Larynx - Stephens 3/24 Flashcards
Which stage of swallowing does elevation of the floor of the mouth and tongue to push food bolus into the oropharynx?
Oropharngeal
What stage of swallowing is synonymous with mastication?
Oral phase
What stage of swallowing does the oropharynx elevate and constrict around the bolus, propelling it down the esophagus?
Pharyngo-esophageal phase
The nasal cavity communicates with the nasopharynx via what?
Choanae
Oral cavity into the oropharynx via what?
Faucial isthmus
Nasopharynx into the oropharynx via what?
Pharyngeal isthmus
What forms the faucial isthmus?
Palatoglossal fold
Palatopharyngeal fold
Where does the laryngopharynx communicate with the oropharynx?
Esophagus?
Hyoid
C6
What is the major elevator of the pharynx?
Innervated by what?
Stylopharyngeus muscle
SVE fibers from CN 9
Where is retro pharyngeal space?
Bw the buccopharyngeal fascia and prevertebral fascia
What does the buccopharyngeal fascia cover?
What is embedded in the portion of the fascia covering the middle constrictor?
Outer surface of the buccinator muscle and pharynx
Pharyngeal plexus
What muscles are inner elevators of the pharynx?
Stylopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
What are the pharyngeal constrictor muscles?
Superior, middle, and inferior constrictors
What muscle’s horizontal fibers comprise the cricopharyngeus muscle used during speech?
Inferior constrictor muscle
What muscle is attached laterally to the hyoid and posteriorly to the midline pharyngeal Raphe?
Middle constrictor muscle
The superior constrictor muscle is attached laterally to what?
Posteriorly to what?
Pterygomandibular Raphe
Midline pharyngeal Raphe
Where is Zenker’s diverticulum located?
Above the cricopharyngeus and above upper sphincter of esophagus UES
Where is Killian’s triangle?
Superior to the cricopharyngeus muscle and inferior to the inferior constrictor muscle
Sensory innervation of the pharynx via what?
Motor innervation?
Glossopharyngeal n
Vagus n
Sensory fibers of the gag reflex are conveyed by what?
What type of fibers?
CN 9
GVA fibers
The efferent component of the gag reflex is mediated by the vagus nerve assisted by what?
Intercostal
Phrenic
Abdominal nerves
What kind of joint is the cricothyroid joint?
Synovial
What form the posterior attachment of the vocal ligaments?
Arytenoid cartilages
During intubation of a patient the blade is often placed where?
Valleculae epiglottica
What are the valleculae epiglottica separated from each other by?
How are they bounded?
Median glossoepiglottic fold
Lateral glossoepiglottic folds
What is the only AB-ductor of the vocal cords?
Posterior cricoarytenoid m.
What ADducts the vocal cords?
Lateral cricoarytenoid and arytenoideus
What muscle increases vocal fold tension by tilting the thyroid cartilage forward?
What opposes this muscle?
Cricothyroid muscle
Vocalis muscle
Tumors of the vocal fords result in what?
Dysphonia (hoarseness)
After the RLN crosses the cricothyroid joint and enters the larynx, what is it now called?
What kind of fibers does it convey to laryngeal muscles?
Except what 1 muscle?
Where do these fibers originate?
Inferior laryngeal nerve
SVE
Cricothyroid muscle
Nucleus Ambiguus
In the laryngeal expiration/cough reflex (LER/LCR) what nerve represents the afferent component?
Where do these afferent inputs travel to?
If this nerve is compromised, what can happen?
Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
NTS
Aspiration pneumonia
What innervates the mucosa of the upper larynx above the level of the vocal cords?
Branches from what?
Conveys what type of fibers?
Internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
Vagus nerve
GVA fibers
