Ventricular System and CSF

Question 1

what separates the two lateral ventricles midsagittally?

Answer 1

the septum pellucidum

Question 2

what ventricles are frequently enlarged in cases of hydrocephaly?

Answer 2

lateral ventricles

Question 3

what connects the lateral ventricle to the third ventricle?

Answer 3

the interventricular foramen of monroe

Question 4

what connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle?

Answer 4

the cerebral aqueduct

Question 5

where is the cerebral aqueduct located?

Answer 5

center of the midbrain

Question 6

patients with syringomyelia characteristically complain of what?

Answer 6

bilateral anesthesia of the shoulder and upper limbs

Question 7

cerebrospinal fluid exits the subarachnoid space via what?

Answer 7

the arachnoid villi

Question 8

what are the clinical signs of hydrocephaly?

Answer 8

internal strabismus (sundown eyes) and papilledema

Question 9

what is external hydrocephalus?

Answer 9

excessive accumulation of CSF in the subarachnoid space

Question 10

what does internal hydrocephalus result in?

Answer 10

dilation of the ventricles proximal to the obstruction

Question 11

what is communicating hydrocephalus?

Answer 11

a combination of infratentorial external and internal hydrocephalus

Question 12

how does communicating hydrocephalus come about?

Answer 12

if there is an obstruction of the subarachnoid space at the level of the tentorial notch

Question 13

atrophy of the cerebral cortex may result in what?

Answer 13

external hydrocephalus

Question 14

occlusion of the cerebral aqueduct would result in blank of the blank and blank?

Answer 14

hydrocephalus of the 3rd and lateral ventricles

Question 15

occlusion of the right interventricular foramen would result in blank of the blank?

Answer 15

hydrocephalus of the lateral ventricle

Question 16

obstruction of the subarachnoid space at the level of the tentorial notch may result in?

Answer 16

communicating hydrocephalus

Question 17

CSF enters the subarachnoid space via the?

Answer 17

medial and lateral foramina

Question 18

secondary to a subarachnoid hemorrhage, blood in the CSF may occlude the blank and result in blank?

Answer 18

arachnoid villi, secondary (chemical) meningitis

Question 19

what are the classical presenting symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus?

Answer 19

gait disturbance, dementia, and urinary incontinence