Cerebellum

Question 1

what is the cerebellum concerned with?

Answer 1

the coordination of all somatic motor activity and the regulation of muscle tone and mechanisms that influence and maintain equilibrium

Question 2

what are the four pairs of nuclei found within the cerebellum?

Answer 2

fastigial nucleus, globose nucleus, emboliform nucleus, and dentate nucleus

Question 3

where do most efferents in the superior cerebellar peduncle originate at?

Answer 3

in the dentate nucleus

Question 4

what is the dentate nucleus mostly responsible for?

Answer 4

for planning and execution of fine movement

Question 5

what nucleus of the thalamus does the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum project its fibers to?

Answer 5

the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus

Question 6

what is a critical link between the extrapyramidal system and the cerebellum?

Answer 6

the central tegmental fasciculus

Question 7

what are the motor nuclei of the thalamus?

Answer 7

the ventral anterior nuclei and the ventral lateral nuclei

Question 8

all information entering the cerebellar cortex eventually converges upon what?

Answer 8

the purkinje cells

Question 9

what effect do the climbing fibers have on the purkinje cells?

Answer 9

a powerful excitatory effect

Question 10

unilateral lesions of the cerebellum usually result in what type of deficits?

Answer 10

ipsilateral

Question 11

what are the four common signs/symptoms of cerebellar lesions?

Answer 11

dysmetria, ataxia, dysdiadochokinesia, intention tremor

Question 12

what does korsakoff’s syndrome present as?

Answer 12

the patient just making things up–> memory impairment

Question 13

olivocerebellar fibers have a strong influence on what?

Answer 13

purkinje cells

Question 14

unconscious precise proprioceptive information from the upper extremity is conveyed by what?

Answer 14

cuneocerebllar tract

Question 15

the efferent fibers in the superior cerebllear peduncle project to where?

Answer 15

the ventral anterior nucleus

Question 16

the cerebral cortex influences the cerebellum via what?

Answer 16

corticopontine fibers

Question 17

the efferents of the dentate nucleus project to where?

Answer 17

the red nucleus and the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus

Question 18

What are 4 of the inferior cerebellar peduncles?

Answer 18

dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT), cuneocerebellar tract, trigeminocerebellar tract, olivocerebellar fibers

Question 19

what does the dorsal spinal cerebellar tract convey?

Answer 19

unconscious precise proprioceptive information from the lower 1/2 of the body and lower extremities to the cerebellum

Question 20

what does the cuneocerebellar tract convey?

Answer 20

unconscious precise proprioceptive information from the upper 1/2 of the body and the upper extremities

Question 21

what does the trigeminocerebellar tract of the inferior cerebellar peduncle convey?

Answer 21

general proprioceptive and exteroceptive information from the head

Question 22

where do the olivocerebellar fibers originate?

Answer 22

in the inferior olivary nucleus

Question 23

what do the olivocerebellar fibers terminate as?

Answer 23

climbing fibers in the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere

Question 24

the inferior olivary nucleus is an important processing and relay center for what?

Answer 24

sensory information from the spinal cord and the motor information from the reticular formation and extrapyramidal system

Question 25

what does the inferior olivary nucleus (ION) receive direct input from?

Answer 25

the central tegmental fasciculus and the spino-olivary tract

Question 26

where does the central tegmental fasciculus originate?

Answer 26

in the red nucleus, central periaqueductal gray and the midbrain tegmentum

Question 27

what is significant about the central tegmental fasciculus?

Answer 27

it is a critical link between the extrapyramidal system and the cerebellum

Question 28

what forms all of the middle cerebellar peduncle?

Answer 28

pontocerebellar fibers

Question 29

what do the pontocerebellar fibers form?

Answer 29

part of an important feedback loop between the motor cortex and the cerebellum

Question 30

what are the two tracts that make up the superior cerebellar peduncle?

Answer 30

the ventral spinocerebellar tract and the trigeminocerebellar tract

Question 31

what does the ventral spinocerebellar tract convey?

Answer 31

unconscious general proprioceptive information from lumbosacral levels

Question 32

what does the trigeminocerebellar tract of the superior cerebellar peduncle convey?

Answer 32

unconscious precise tactile and proprioceptive information from the head to the cerebellum

Question 33

where do the fastigial and medial portion of the globose send their efferent fibers?

Answer 33

they send their fastigiobulbar fibers to the vestibular nuclei and RF

Question 34

where do the lateral globose, emboliform, and dentate nuclei project their efferent fibers through?

Answer 34

the superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 35

where do the efferent fibers from the dentate, lateral globose, and emboliform decussate?

Answer 35

in the upper pons and lower midbrain

Question 36

chronic indigestion of ethanol may cause what?

Answer 36

a cortical atrophy of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum