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Neuroendocrine Exam 2 > Gross Brain, Brainstem, and Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Gross Brain, Brainstem, and Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

What does the forebrain eventually become?

A

cerebral hemispheres and deep structures

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2
Q

What does the midbrain eventually become?

A

the midbrain

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3
Q

What does the hindbrain eventually develop into?

A

the pons, medulla, and cerebellum

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4
Q

What makes up the brain stem?

A

the midbrain, pons, and the medulla

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5
Q

what makes up gray matter?

A

neuronal/glial cell bodies and dendrites

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6
Q

what makes up white matter?

A

collections of axons (many covered with myelin)

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7
Q

What are the four prominent sulci of the brain?

A

central sulcus, lateral sulcus, parietooccipital sulcus, cingulate sulcus

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8
Q

What separates the frontal lobe and the parietal lobe?

A

the central sulcus

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9
Q

what separates the frontal lobe from the temporal lobe?

A

lateral fissure

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10
Q

what is found in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe?

A

primary motor areas

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11
Q

where are the motor aspects of language processed?

A

on the lateral surface of the frontal lobe

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12
Q

what are the prefrontal association areas responsible for?

A

emotion, motivation, personality, initiative, judgement, ability to concentrate, social inhibitions

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13
Q

what is the cingulate gyrus responsible for?

A

it modulates emotional aspects of behavior

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14
Q

Where is the postcentral gyrus found?

A

in the parietal lobe

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15
Q

what is the function of the postcentral gyrus?

A

it is the primary somatosensory cortex

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16
Q

what is the inferior parietal lobule responsible for?

A

language comprehension

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17
Q

what does the remainder of the parietal cortex function as?

A

it has aspects in spatial orientation and directing attention

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18
Q

what gyri make up the temporal lobe?

A

the superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri

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19
Q

what is the inferior surface of the temporal lobe made up of?

A

occipitotemporal (fusiform) gyrus

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20
Q

where is the primary auditory cortex found?

A

in the superior surface of the superior temporal gyrus

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21
Q

what is wernicke’s area responsible for?

A

comprehension of language

22
Q

where is wernicke’s area found?

A

posterior portion of superior temporal gyrus (usually left) and the supramarginal and angular gyri in parietal lobe

23
Q

which lobe is responsible for higher-order processing of visual information?

A

temporal lobe

24
Q

which lobe is responsible for learning and memory?

A

temporal lobe

25
Q

Where is the cuneus found?

A

it is a wedge-shaped area between the parietooccipital and calcarine sulci of the occipital lobe

26
Q

where is the primary visual cortex found?

A

in the walls of the calcarine sulcus (occipital lobe)

27
Q

what is the remainder of the occipital lobe known as?

A

the visual association cortex- involved in higher order processing of visual information

28
Q

Which gyri are included in the limbic lobe?

A

cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus

29
Q

what is the importance of the limbic lobe?

A

processing complex aspects of learning, memory, and emotion such as fear, anxiety, rage, extreme happiness

30
Q

where is the insular lobe located?

A

it lies buried in the lateral sulcus

31
Q

what is the term for a portion of a given lobe that overlies another area?

A

opercula

32
Q

what outlines the insula?

A

the circular sulcus

33
Q

what is the importance of the insula?

A

taste processing

34
Q

What makes up the diencephalon?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and subthalamus

35
Q

what is the role of the thalamus?

A

it is the gatekeeper of the cerebral cortex

36
Q

what is the role of the hypothalamus?

A

hormonal function, autonomic function, visceral function

37
Q

What is the role of the epithalamus?

A

pineal gland regulates circadian rhythm

38
Q

which fibers connect areas of the cortex in one hemisphere with that of the contralateral side?

A

commissural fibers

39
Q

what are basal nuclei critical for?

A

the initiation and the control of voluntary movement

40
Q

what does the pontine tegmentum form?

A

part of the floor of the 4th ventricle

41
Q

how do posterior rootlets enter the spinal cord?

A

via posterolateral sulcus

42
Q

how do anterior rootlets leave the spinal cord?

A

via anterolateral sulcus

43
Q

what is the region of gray matter that caps the posterior horn?

A

substantia gelatinosa

44
Q

where are interneurons and projection neurons that transmit somatic and visceral sensory information housed in the spinal cord?

A

in the body of the posterior horn

45
Q

what is the white matter that is located between the substantia gelatinosa and the surface of the spinal cord known as?

A

Lissauer’s tract

46
Q

What are three examples of ascending tracts?

A

PCMLS, spinocerebellar tracts, and anterolateral system

47
Q

what are three examples of descending tracts?

A

corticospinal tract, vestibulospinal tract, rubrospinal tract

48
Q

What is one key feature of the diencephalon?

A

the third ventricle is associated with it

49
Q

What is the white matter bundle of fibers traveling via the corona radiata?

A

the internal capsule

50
Q

what makes up the basal nuclei?

A

the caudate nucleus, the putamen, the globus pallidus

Neuroendocrine Exam 2 (17 decks)

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