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Neuroscience 1 > ventricular system and blood vessels > Flashcards

ventricular system and blood vessels Flashcards

1
Q

the anterior cerebral artery is needed for

A

sensory and motor to legs

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2
Q

if you block the middle cerebral artery you lose

A

auditory speech, and sensroy and motor to arms

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3
Q

if you lose the posterior cerebral artery you lose

A

vision

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4
Q

define somatotopic

A

some sensory or motor pathways convey their fibers in a highly organized laminated fashion as they ascend or descend to specific regions of cortex or body

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5
Q

what is a homunculus

A

cartoon representation of exaggereated proporitons of the cortical map

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6
Q

what is a funiculus

A

general term for large, cord-like bundle of nerve fibers

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7
Q

what is a fasciculus

A

bundle of nerve fibers which belong to a particular system in the CNS, may be a tract

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8
Q

what is a tract

A

a fasciculus comprised of nerve fibers that have a comon origin, termination, and function

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9
Q

what is a lemniscus

A

bundle of crossed, secondary nerve fibers in a conscious sensory pathway (example: pain and temp, proprioception)
-lesion of a lemniscus results in contralateral deficits

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10
Q

what happens when the subarachnoid space is gone

A

the arachnoid membrane collapses on the membrane of the brain
-see veins at first bc arteries are much deeper

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11
Q

falx herniation

A

bc the falx only partially separates the cerebral hemispheres, part of the cerebral hemisphere may be pushed to the other side under the free edge

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12
Q

where does the pooling of an epidural hematoma occur

A

between the endosteum and the dura matter

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13
Q

epidural hematoma clinical presentation

A

intial unconsciousness followed by rapid recovery

  • after a few hours, increase in supratentorial cranial volume causes displacement of the brain tissue
  • bleeding expands to epidural space, presses on cerebral hemisphere and herniates cerebrum under falx cerebri and or through the tentorial notch (tentorial or uncal herniation)
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14
Q

subdural hematoma clinical presentation

A

head trauma ma cause cerebral veins to rupture as they cross subdural space
-same signs and symptoms as epidural hematoma but the temporal onset may be delayed for days or weeks

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15
Q

trauma to the midbrain can cause what

A
  • sharp edge of incisura (free edge of tnentorium) to lacerate or contuse the brainstem
  • result can be temporary or permanent coma
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16
Q

dural venous sinuses: straight venous sinus drains directly into ___, drains what

superior sagittal sinus empties directly into ___ in 2/3 of cases and drains what

-which system being comprimised is more dangerous?

A

straight venous sinus–>left transverse sinus
-drains core of the cerebrum structures

superior sagittal sinus empties into right transverse sinus and drains cortical region of brain

-left side being compromosed can lead to death

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17
Q

papilledema

A

increased intracranial pressure applies pressure to small veins on optic nerve, decresed drainage from retina results in edema of retina and swelling of optic disc

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18
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage?

-all major BVs supplying CNS pass through or course in ___

A

subarachnoid space
if you rupture one of these vessels = subarachnoid hemorrhage
-indicated by erythrocytes in the CSF
-also area that was suppose to get this blood will be ischemic

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19
Q

external hydrocephalus

A

accumulation of CSF in subarachnoid space with enlargement of that space by compression of the CNS
-may be supratentorial, infratentorial, or both

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20
Q

supratentorial external hydrocephalus

A

associated with senile atrophy of cortex, e.g. alzheimer’s disease

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21
Q

infratentorial external hydrocephalus

A

seen in combination with communicating hydrocephalus

22
Q

internal hydrocephalus

A

non communicating hydrocephalus bc CSF cannot drain into subarachnoid space
-obstruction in ventricular pathway, everything proximal to obstruction will be enlarged

23
Q

obstruction of medial foramina in internal hydrocephalus name

A

arnold chiari malformation

24
Q

lateral foramina blok in internal hydrocephalus

A

dandy walker cyst

25
Q

results of communicating hydrocephalus

A

often in combo with infratentorial external and internal hydrocephalus

  • hypertrophy of the ventricles
  • CSF in the infratentorial subarachnoid space
26
Q

where can CSF not get to in communicating hydrocephalus and what is blocked

A

narrow space btwn tentorial notch and midbrain is obstructed due to adhesions and firbosis from past inflammation

-cannot get to the cerebrum to be resorbed at arachnoid villi adjacent to and in the superior sagittal sinus

27
Q

what is the watershed area

A

overlapping area on the brain that needs arterial supply from more than one source
-no anastomoste

28
Q

ischemic penumbra, what is it

A

following focal ischemia, the tissue surrounding core ischemic area is viable

  • storke therpay directed at rescuing area by imporviing tissue acidosis and O2 delivaery
  • calcium channel and NMDA receptor blocking could treat
29
Q

what kind of dysfunction occurs with ischemic penumbra

A

autoregulation dysfunction and edema due to ischemic tissue acidosis, and resultant luxury perfusion of adjacent normal tissue

30
Q

central canal is what and what condition can be associated

A

extends from obex of fourth ventricle

  • can enlarge and develop a cavity in center of cord = syringomyelia
  • bilateral anesthesia of shoulder and upper limbs
31
Q

what is a communicating hydrocephalus a combination of

A

external infratentorial and internal hydrocephalus

32
Q

the penetrating branches of what artery supply the internal capsule and basal ganglia

A

posterior communicating artery

33
Q

where is the anterior choroidal artery and what is it involved with

A

near ICA and posteior communicating junction

-role in parkinsons

34
Q

which artery has the highest incidence of cerebral aneurysms?

A

the anterior cerebral artery

35
Q

where is the ACA and what may it anastomose with?

A

near olfactory and optic nerve

-may anastomse with posterior cerebral artery via pericallosal artery

36
Q

the penetrating branch of the ACA is called the ______ and supplies the _____ and ____

A

recurrent artery of heubner

supplies internal capsule and corpus striatum

37
Q

occlusions of the ACA may result in

A

ontralateral paresis and or paraesthesia of leg and foot

38
Q

which penetrating branch of the MCA is prone to rupture?

it is a _____ striate artery

A

artery of cerebral hemrrhage

-lateral striate

39
Q

MCA cortical branches

A

central artery

frontal branches

40
Q

thrombosis of central artery would lead to what

A

contralateral paralysis or paraesthesisa of face and upper 1/2 of body

41
Q

what artery supplies broca’s area

A

frontal branches

-cortical branch off MCA

42
Q

what artery is compromised in central cord syndrome

A

anterior spinal artery

43
Q

what is central cord syndrome

A

disruption of blood flow to anterior spinal artery = ischemia of central region of spinal cord
-loss of motor function and sometimes sensation below level of occlusion

44
Q

the two posterior spinal arteries are branches off ___ or ___

A

vertebral arteries or PICA

45
Q

what arteries supply the peripheral margins of the spinal cord

A

the posteior spinal arteries and the radicular arteries

46
Q

whatr artery is the major supply to the inferior 2/3 of the spinal cord and contributes to the anterior spinal artery

A

great anterior artery of adamkiewicz

47
Q

what may compromise the great anterior artery of adamkiewicz

A

thoracolumbar fracture or surgical repair of AAA

48
Q

what does the PICA supply and thrombosis of it results in what

A

supplies posterior inferior portion of cerebellum, posterolateral aspect of medulla choroid plexus of fourth ventricle
-thrombosis = lateral medullary (wallenberg) syndrome

49
Q

what are the signs of wallenberg syndrome and what artery involved

A

PICA and horseness, dysphagia, loss gag

IX and X

50
Q

cortical area of anterior cerebral artery

A

paracentral lobule

51
Q

cortical area of middle cerebral artery

A 
primary motor
primary auditory
primary somesthetic
broca
wernicke
premotor
52
Q

cerebral venous drainage path

A

internal cerebral vein and basal vein drain into the great vein of Galen

  • Galen drains into straight sinus
  • striaght sinus goes into left transverse sinus
  • left transverse sinus goes into IJV

Neuroscience 1 (15 decks)

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