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Neuroscience 1 > Neurotransmitter systems > Flashcards

Neurotransmitter systems Flashcards

1
Q

dopamine:

  • central location
  • function
  • ionotropic receptors
  • metabotropic receptors
  • other
A

central location: basal ganglia

function: motor control, pleasure, consciousness
ionotropic: none
metabotropic: D1,2,3
other: tyrosine derivative

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2
Q

norepinephrine

  • central location
  • function
  • ionotropic receptors
  • metabortopic receptors
  • other
A 
central location: pons/brainstem
function: wakefullness
ionotropic receptors: none
metabotropic receptors: alpha and beta adrenergic
other: tyrosine derivative
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3
Q

epineprhine

-only difference from norep

A

-central location: brainstem

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4
Q

serotonin

  • central location
  • function
  • IT recept
  • MT receptors
  • other
A
  • central location: raphe nuclei
  • function: mood, wakefulness
  • ITR: 5HT3 (vomiting)
  • MTR: multiple 5HT6- mood
  • other: trp derivative
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5
Q 
histamine 
-central location
function
ITR
MTR
other
A 
CL: hypothalamus
fnct: waking
ITR: none
MTR: H1 and H2
other: histidine deriv
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6
Q

location of acetylcholine producing neurons

A

midbrain and pons

-striatum: mostly motor control cholen neurons here

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7
Q

acetylcholine general functions

A

consciousness, not awareness

  • control of voluntary motion
  • initiation of REM sleep
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8
Q

what is the protein that moves ach into vesicles

A

VAchT

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9
Q

how is acetylcholine broken down

-location

A

acetylcholinesterase

-bound to post-synaptic cell membrane

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10
Q

acetylcholine receptors: muscarininc
M1-M5
location and G(x)

A

M1: (neuronal) Gq, increase IP3/DAG, increase calcium
M2: cardiac: Gi, decrease cAMP, increase K+ efflux
M3: smooth m of bronchi, vasculature. Gq
M4: Gi
M5: Gq

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11
Q

acetylcholine receptors: nicotinic

A

5 subunits: a,b,g,d,e

-ionotropic: allow sodium influx, some neuronal forms allow for significant Ca++ influx

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12
Q

acetylcholine function

A

wakefulness

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13
Q

what are the inhibitory amino acids

A

GABA and glycine

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14
Q

where are GABA neurons located?

A

cerebellum, cortex, retina

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15
Q

functional role of GABA

A
  • major inhibitory NT in higher CNS
  • critical for producing consciousness/awareness
  • control of voluntary motion
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16
Q

what enzyme is required for the formation of GABA

A

glutamate decarboxylase

17
Q

how is action of GABA limited

A

reuptake

catabolism by GABA-transaminase

18
Q

stiff-person syndrome

A

autoimmune disease, response to gluatamate decarboxylase, so neurons that normally inhibit motion cannot make GABA, person has severe muscle spasms and can lead to tetany

19
Q

GABA(A) receptors

A

ionotropic
5 subunits
chloride conductance in which hyperpolarizes cell
benzodiazepine site potentiates chloride conductance

20
Q

GABA(B) receptors

A

Gi and Gq

  • decrease adenylyl cyclase and increase K+ efflux
  • decrease IP3/DAG and decrease calcium influx
  • end result = hyperpolarization
21
Q

glycine receptors

A
  • ionotropic
  • pentamer
  • a subunit: glycine binding
  • b subunit is structural
  • chloride channel
  • blocked by strychnine
22
Q

function of glycine

A

almost all inhibition of spinal cord

23
Q

opioid family peptides

A
  • endorphins
  • enkephalins
  • dynorpins
24
Q

opioids central location

A

basal ganglia
hypothalamus
parabrachial nuclei and raphe nuclei

25
Q

general functions of opioids

A

modification of nociceptive inputs

modification of mood/affect

26
Q

proenkephalin subtypes

A

met-enkephalin

leu-enkephalin

27
Q

opioid peptide transmitters have 4 precursor molecules

A
  • proenkephalins
  • POMC: B-endorphins
  • Prodynorphin: hydrolyzed–> 3 leu-enkeph
    • dynorphins
  • orphanin FQ (nociceptin)
28
Q

how is the action of opioids limited

A

enzymatically, possibly after reuptake

  • enkephalinase A and B
  • aminopeptidase
29
Q

what receptors do opioids bind to

A

(mu) receptors

k (kappa) receptors

Delta receptors

30
Q

what effect does binding to (mu) receptors cause

A
  • respiratory depression
  • euphoria
  • analgesia
31
Q

what effect does binding to kappa recetpors of opioids do

A

analgesia and dysphoia

32
Q

what effect does binding to delta receptors of opioids do

A

analgesia

33
Q

indirect effects of mu receptors

A

increase K efflux and hyperpolarize

34
Q

indirect effects of k and delta recetpors

A

decarease calcium

35
Q

central location of opioids

A

hypothalamus/medulla

36
Q

endocannabinoids 2 types

A

anandamide
2-arachidonylglycerol

-both have arachidoinc acid

37
Q

loaction of endocannabinoids and function

A

basal ganglia: affect/motor

spinal cord: modulation of nociception

38
Q

CB-1 receptor of ___

A

Endocannabinoids

  • axons and presynaptic terminals of EAA and GABA synapses
  • Gi
  • reduces NT release
  • binds either anandamide or 2-AG well
39
Q

CB-2 receptor

A

found in brain (microglia)
immune system and gut
anti-inflammatory
in brain, cause macrophages to remove B-amyloid

Neuroscience 1 (15 decks)

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