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Neuroscience 1 > Neurotransmitter systems > Flashcards

Neurotransmitter systems Flashcards

1
Q

dopamine:

  • central location
  • function
  • ionotropic receptors
  • metabotropic receptors
  • other
A

central location: basal ganglia

function: motor control, pleasure, consciousness
ionotropic: none
metabotropic: D1,2,3
other: tyrosine derivative

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2
Q

norepinephrine

  • central location
  • function
  • ionotropic receptors
  • metabortopic receptors
  • other
A 
central location: pons/brainstem
function: wakefullness
ionotropic receptors: none
metabotropic receptors: alpha and beta adrenergic
other: tyrosine derivative
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3
Q

epineprhine

-only difference from norep

A

-central location: brainstem

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4
Q

serotonin

  • central location
  • function
  • IT recept
  • MT receptors
  • other
A
  • central location: raphe nuclei
  • function: mood, wakefulness
  • ITR: 5HT3 (vomiting)
  • MTR: multiple 5HT6- mood
  • other: trp derivative
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5
Q 
histamine 
-central location
function
ITR
MTR
other
A 
CL: hypothalamus
fnct: waking
ITR: none
MTR: H1 and H2
other: histidine deriv
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6
Q

location of acetylcholine producing neurons

A

midbrain and pons

-striatum: mostly motor control cholen neurons here

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7
Q

acetylcholine general functions

A

consciousness, not awareness

  • control of voluntary motion
  • initiation of REM sleep
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8
Q

what is the protein that moves ach into vesicles

A

VAchT

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9
Q

how is acetylcholine broken down

-location

A

acetylcholinesterase

-bound to post-synaptic cell membrane

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10
Q

acetylcholine receptors: muscarininc
M1-M5
location and G(x)

A

M1: (neuronal) Gq, increase IP3/DAG, increase calcium
M2: cardiac: Gi, decrease cAMP, increase K+ efflux
M3: smooth m of bronchi, vasculature. Gq
M4: Gi
M5: Gq

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11
Q

acetylcholine receptors: nicotinic

A

5 subunits: a,b,g,d,e

-ionotropic: allow sodium influx, some neuronal forms allow for significant Ca++ influx

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12
Q

acetylcholine function

A

wakefulness

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13
Q

what are the inhibitory amino acids

A

GABA and glycine

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14
Q

where are GABA neurons located?

A

cerebellum, cortex, retina

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15
Q

functional role of GABA

A
  • major inhibitory NT in higher CNS
  • critical for producing consciousness/awareness
  • control of voluntary motion
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16
Q

what enzyme is required for the formation of GABA

A

glutamate decarboxylase

17
Q

how is action of GABA limited

A

reuptake

catabolism by GABA-transaminase

18
Q

stiff-person syndrome

A

autoimmune disease, response to gluatamate decarboxylase, so neurons that normally inhibit motion cannot make GABA, person has severe muscle spasms and can lead to tetany

19
Q

GABA(A) receptors

A

ionotropic
5 subunits
chloride conductance in which hyperpolarizes cell
benzodiazepine site potentiates chloride conductance

20
Q

GABA(B) receptors

A

Gi and Gq

  • decrease adenylyl cyclase and increase K+ efflux
  • decrease IP3/DAG and decrease calcium influx
  • end result = hyperpolarization
21
Q

glycine receptors

A
  • ionotropic
  • pentamer
  • a subunit: glycine binding
  • b subunit is structural
  • chloride channel
  • blocked by strychnine
22
Q

function of glycine

A

almost all inhibition of spinal cord

23
Q

opioid family peptides

A
  • endorphins
  • enkephalins
  • dynorpins
24
Q

opioids central location

A

basal ganglia
hypothalamus
parabrachial nuclei and raphe nuclei

25
general functions of opioids
modification of nociceptive inputs | modification of mood/affect
26
proenkephalin subtypes
met-enkephalin | leu-enkephalin
27
opioid peptide transmitters have 4 precursor molecules
- proenkephalins - POMC: B-endorphins - Prodynorphin: hydrolyzed--> 3 leu-enkeph - dynorphins - orphanin FQ (nociceptin)
28
how is the action of opioids limited
enzymatically, possibly after reuptake - enkephalinase A and B - aminopeptidase
29
what receptors do opioids bind to
(mu) receptors k (kappa) receptors Delta receptors
30
what effect does binding to (mu) receptors cause
- respiratory depression - euphoria - analgesia
31
what effect does binding to kappa recetpors of opioids do
analgesia and dysphoia
32
what effect does binding to delta receptors of opioids do
analgesia
33
indirect effects of mu receptors
increase K efflux and hyperpolarize
34
indirect effects of k and delta recetpors
decarease calcium
35
central location of opioids
hypothalamus/medulla
36
endocannabinoids 2 types
anandamide 2-arachidonylglycerol -both have arachidoinc acid
37
loaction of endocannabinoids and function
basal ganglia: affect/motor | spinal cord: modulation of nociception
38
CB-1 receptor of ___
Endocannabinoids - axons and presynaptic terminals of EAA and GABA synapses - Gi - reduces NT release - binds either anandamide or 2-AG well
39
CB-2 receptor
found in brain (microglia) immune system and gut anti-inflammatory in brain, cause macrophages to remove B-amyloid

Neuroscience 1 (15 decks)

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