Superficial triangles and cervical viscera

Question 1

the platysma is innervated by what?

Answer 1

the cervical branch of the facial nerve

Question 2

3 landmarks of the neck

Answer 2

CV6
anterior scalene m
greater cornu of the hyoid bone

Question 3

lateral neck dissection layer 1

Answer 3

platysma and external jugular vein

Question 4

lateral neck dissection layer 2

Answer 4

SCM and spinal accessory nerve

Question 5

lateral neck dissection layer 3

Answer 5

ansa cervicalis, superior omohyoid m, inferior omohyoid, sternohyoid

Question 6

posteior triangle borders

Answer 6

SCM, middle 1/3 clavicle, trapezius m
roof = platysma and fascia
floor = prevertebral fascia

Question 7

spinal accessory nerve enters posterior triabgle where and goes where

Answer 7

slightyly above midpiont and deep to SCM, courses diagnally across levator scapulae
-receives contributions from C2-3 for SCM and C3-4 for trapezius

Question 8

what is a brachial fistula

Answer 8

pouches from embryological remnants do not close and cysts form along the length of the SCM

Question 9

superficial branches of the cervical plexus

Answer 9

lesser occipital nerve (C2-3)
great auricular nerve (C2-3)
transverse cervical nerve (C2-3)
supraclavicular nerves (C3-4)

Question 10

what does lesser occipital nerve supply

Answer 10

GSA fibers to postero-lateral aspect of head

courses along posterior border of SCM

Question 11

what does great auricular nerve innervate and where does it go

Answer 11

ascends vertically across the SCM to innervate skin of parotid and mastoid regions

Question 12

transverse cervical nerve location and innervation

Answer 12

crosses SCM at midpoint

innervagtes skin of anterior neck

Question 13

supraclavicular nerves branches, cross what, innervate what

Answer 13

medial, intermediate, and lateral branches
cross superficial to clavicle
innervate skin of upper chest and shoulders

Question 14

what is the phrenic nerve sandwiched in between

Answer 14

the anterior scalene muscle (posterior)
subclavian vein (anterior)

Question 15

the omohyoid muscle is innervated by what

Answer 15

ansa cervicalis

Question 16

the inferior belly of the omohyoid is immediately deep to what and subdivides the posterior triangle into what

Answer 16

platysma m

• occipital triangle (superiorly)
• supraclavicular triangle (inferiorly)

Question 17

VNM ANM

Answer 17

subclavian vein, phrenic nerve, anterior scalene

subclavian artery, brachial plexus, middle scalene

Question 18

in the longitudinal vertical groove between the trachea and esophagus is the what

Answer 18

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 19

what is the border of the carotid triangle?

what contents inside

Answer 19

superior omohyoid, posterior digastric, SCM

-internal jugular vein, ansa cervicalis, and cranial nerves IX,X,XII

Question 20

what is the border of the anterior triangle of neck

Answer 20

apex of chin to mastoid process, anterior midline of neck, anterior border SCM
-covered by platysma and investing fascia

Question 21

what forms the apex of the submandibular triangle

Answer 21

the hyoid bone

Question 22

what muscles are suprahyoid

Answer 22

mylohyoid, geniohyoid, digastric, stylohyoid

Question 23

borders of submandibular triangle and contents inside

Answer 23

suprahyoid region, bound by inferior edge of mandible, and anterior and posterior digastric, hyoid bone is apex

• submandibular LNs
• submandibular and sublingual glands
• facial vein and artery
• marginal branch of facial nerve
• lingual nerve, IX,XII

Question 24

where is the hypoglossal nerve located

Answer 24

between the inferior border of the posterior digastric and the tip of the hyoid bone

Question 25

what is the action of the suprhyoid muscles

Answer 25

depress (open) the mouth

Question 26

what is the submandibular gland drained by

Answer 26

submandibular duct (wharton's duct)

Question 27

submandibular duct empties into the floor of the mouth at the apex of the ____

Answer 27

sublingual caruncle

Question 28

what nerve spirals around the submandibular duct and in what direction

Answer 28

lingual, supero-lateral to infero-medial

Question 29

sympathetics to the submandibular gland

Answer 29

postganglionic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion course in external carotid and facial plexus then to gland

Question 30

what does the hypoglossal nerve provide

Answer 30

GSE fibers to all intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Question 31

what is the anterior digastric muscle innervated by

Answer 31

mylohyoid nerve

Question 32

what is the posterior digastric innervated by

Answer 32

facial n

Question 33

what is the stylohyoid innervated by

Answer 33

facial n

Question 34

what is mylohyoid m innervated by

Answer 34

mylohyoid nerve

Question 35

what is geniohyoid innervated by

Answer 35

C1

Question 36

what is hyoglossus innervated by

Answer 36

hypoglossal nerve

Question 37

thyroid gland: in 50% of specimens a _____ lobe may do what

Answer 37

pyramidal lobe may extend upwards from isthmus along midline

Question 38

some accesory thyroid tissue, embryological remnant of _________ may continue superiorly through hyoid bone towards foramen caecum of tongue, cysts may for along the course of this tisue

Answer 38

thyroglossal duct

Question 39

blood supply of the thyroid gland

Answer 39

superior thyroid artery from the external carotid or common carotid - inferior thyroid artery from thyrocervical trunk - lowest thyroid artery from brachiocephalic, aorta, or left common carotid

Question 40

drainage of thyroid gland

Answer 40

superior and middle thyroid veins drain into IJV | inferior thyroid vein drains into brachiocephalic vein

Question 41

what are the parathyroid glands supplied by

Answer 41

inferior thyroid artery

Question 42

what does removal of parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy result in

Answer 42

tetany and ultimaterly death

Question 43

the trachea extends from where to where

Answer 43

CV6-TV2

Question 44

where does the thyroid isthmus corss

Answer 44

anterior surface of tracheal rings 2-4

Question 45

what is a tracheotomy

Answer 45

emergency airway cut through tracheal rings 2-4, been replaced by cricothyrotomy

Question 46

what is a tracheostomy

Answer 46

extensive surgical procedure to open a long term airway through tracheal rings 2-4 usually for a ventilator

Question 47

penetrating wounds to the base of the neck may cause what

Answer 47

collapse lung and pneumothorax

Question 48

what is the cupula of pleura

Answer 48

portion of thoracic cavity that extends into the base of neck between scalenes and longus colli muscles -apex is at mid-clavicular line and occupied by apical portion of lung

Question 49

what makes external jugular vein

Answer 49

posterior auricular and retromandibular veins

Question 50

what are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle of the neck

Answer 50

muscular, carotid, submandibular, submental