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Neuroscience 1 > Superficial triangles and cervical viscera > Flashcards

Superficial triangles and cervical viscera Flashcards

1
Q

the platysma is innervated by what?

A

the cervical branch of the facial nerve

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2
Q

3 landmarks of the neck

A

CV6
anterior scalene m
greater cornu of the hyoid bone

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3
Q

lateral neck dissection layer 1

A

platysma and external jugular vein

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4
Q

lateral neck dissection layer 2

A

SCM and spinal accessory nerve

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5
Q

lateral neck dissection layer 3

A

ansa cervicalis, superior omohyoid m, inferior omohyoid, sternohyoid

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6
Q

posteior triangle borders

A

SCM, middle 1/3 clavicle, trapezius m
roof = platysma and fascia
floor = prevertebral fascia

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7
Q

spinal accessory nerve enters posterior triabgle where and goes where

A

slightyly above midpiont and deep to SCM, courses diagnally across levator scapulae
-receives contributions from C2-3 for SCM and C3-4 for trapezius

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8
Q

what is a brachial fistula

A

pouches from embryological remnants do not close and cysts form along the length of the SCM

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9
Q

superficial branches of the cervical plexus

A

lesser occipital nerve (C2-3)
great auricular nerve (C2-3)
transverse cervical nerve (C2-3)
supraclavicular nerves (C3-4)

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10
Q

what does lesser occipital nerve supply

A

GSA fibers to postero-lateral aspect of head

courses along posterior border of SCM

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11
Q

what does great auricular nerve innervate and where does it go

A

ascends vertically across the SCM to innervate skin of parotid and mastoid regions

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12
Q

transverse cervical nerve location and innervation

A

crosses SCM at midpoint

innervagtes skin of anterior neck

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13
Q

supraclavicular nerves branches, cross what, innervate what

A

medial, intermediate, and lateral branches
cross superficial to clavicle
innervate skin of upper chest and shoulders

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14
Q

what is the phrenic nerve sandwiched in between

A 
the anterior scalene muscle (posterior)
subclavian vein (anterior)
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15
Q

the omohyoid muscle is innervated by what

A

ansa cervicalis

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16
Q

the inferior belly of the omohyoid is immediately deep to what and subdivides the posterior triangle into what

A

platysma m

  • occipital triangle (superiorly)
  • supraclavicular triangle (inferiorly)
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17
Q

VNM ANM

A

subclavian vein, phrenic nerve, anterior scalene

subclavian artery, brachial plexus, middle scalene

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18
Q

in the longitudinal vertical groove between the trachea and esophagus is the what

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

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19
Q

what is the border of the carotid triangle?

what contents inside

A

superior omohyoid, posterior digastric, SCM

-internal jugular vein, ansa cervicalis, and cranial nerves IX,X,XII

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20
Q

what is the border of the anterior triangle of neck

A

apex of chin to mastoid process, anterior midline of neck, anterior border SCM
-covered by platysma and investing fascia

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21
Q

what forms the apex of the submandibular triangle

A

the hyoid bone

22
Q

what muscles are suprahyoid

A

mylohyoid, geniohyoid, digastric, stylohyoid

23
Q

borders of submandibular triangle and contents inside

A

suprahyoid region, bound by inferior edge of mandible, and anterior and posterior digastric, hyoid bone is apex

  • submandibular LNs
  • submandibular and sublingual glands
  • facial vein and artery
  • marginal branch of facial nerve
  • lingual nerve, IX,XII
24
Q

where is the hypoglossal nerve located

A

between the inferior border of the posterior digastric and the tip of the hyoid bone

25
Q

what is the action of the suprhyoid muscles

A

depress (open) the mouth

26
Q

what is the submandibular gland drained by

A

submandibular duct (wharton’s duct)

27
Q

submandibular duct empties into the floor of the mouth at the apex of the ____

A

sublingual caruncle

28
Q

what nerve spirals around the submandibular duct and in what direction

A

lingual, supero-lateral to infero-medial

29
Q

sympathetics to the submandibular gland

A

postganglionic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion course in external carotid and facial plexus then to gland

30
Q

what does the hypoglossal nerve provide

A

GSE fibers to all intrinsic muscles of the tongue

31
Q

what is the anterior digastric muscle innervated by

A

mylohyoid nerve

32
Q

what is the posterior digastric innervated by

A

facial n

33
Q

what is the stylohyoid innervated by

A

facial n

34
Q

what is mylohyoid m innervated by

A

mylohyoid nerve

35
Q

what is geniohyoid innervated by

A

C1

36
Q

what is hyoglossus innervated by

A

hypoglossal nerve

37
Q

thyroid gland: in 50% of specimens a _____ lobe may do what

A

pyramidal lobe may extend upwards from isthmus along midline

38
Q

some accesory thyroid tissue, embryological remnant of _________ may continue superiorly through hyoid bone towards foramen caecum of tongue, cysts may for along the course of this tisue

A

thyroglossal duct

39
Q

blood supply of the thyroid gland

A

superior thyroid artery from the external carotid or common carotid

  • inferior thyroid artery from thyrocervical trunk
  • lowest thyroid artery from brachiocephalic, aorta, or left common carotid
40
Q

drainage of thyroid gland

A

superior and middle thyroid veins drain into IJV

inferior thyroid vein drains into brachiocephalic vein

41
Q

what are the parathyroid glands supplied by

A

inferior thyroid artery

42
Q

what does removal of parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy result in

A

tetany and ultimaterly death

43
Q

the trachea extends from where to where

A

CV6-TV2

44
Q

where does the thyroid isthmus corss

A

anterior surface of tracheal rings 2-4

45
Q

what is a tracheotomy

A

emergency airway cut through tracheal rings 2-4, been replaced by cricothyrotomy

46
Q

what is a tracheostomy

A

extensive surgical procedure to open a long term airway through tracheal rings 2-4 usually for a ventilator

47
Q

penetrating wounds to the base of the neck may cause what

A

collapse lung and pneumothorax

48
Q

what is the cupula of pleura

A

portion of thoracic cavity that extends into the base of neck between scalenes and longus colli muscles
-apex is at mid-clavicular line and occupied by apical portion of lung

49
Q

what makes external jugular vein

A

posterior auricular and retromandibular veins

50
Q

what are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle of the neck

A

muscular, carotid, submandibular, submental

Neuroscience 1 (15 decks)

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