autonomic nervous system Stephens

Question 1

the autonomic nervous system is generally considered what kind of fibers?

Answer 1

GVE motor system

-some GVA fibers may course with its nerves

Question 2

where are preganglionic sympathetic neurons located for the head and neck

Answer 2

intermediolateral cell column of thoracolumbar segments T1-L2

Question 3

hypothalamus and preganglionic symp neurons

Answer 3

hypothalamus has descending fibers inside the brainstem and spinal cord that will terminate on preganglionic symp neurons in intermediolateral cell column of spinal cord (T1-T4)

Question 4

preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the head and neck

Answer 4

preganglionic symp fibers from intermediolateral cell column of T1-T2 spinal cord via ventral root go to white ramus to symp trunk, ascend and terminate on sympathetic ganglia

Question 5

postganglionic sympathetic fibers to head and neck

Answer 5

preganglionic fibers terminate on the cervical sympahtetic ganglia. then postganlionic neurons from here form nerve plexuses coursing in tunica adventitia of BV (external carotid plexus)

• or join with cervical or cranial nerves
• innervate BVs, SM, and glands of head and neck

Question 6

ganglion in head and neck

Answer 6

superior cervical (sympathetic outflow to head, especially the orbit)
middle cervical ganglion
inferior cervical ganglion (stellate)
vertebral ganglion

Question 7

external carotid plexus consits of what

Answer 7

postganglionic sympathetic fibers which course in the tunica adventitia of external carotid and its branches

Question 8

superior cervical ganglion gets preganglionic fibers from where and sends postgang to where

Answer 8

pregang: T1
postgang: upper cervical C1-C3
- lower cranial nerves, IX-XII, the pahynx, carotid body and sinus, internal carotid nerve

Question 9

internal carotid nerve

Answer 9

leaves superior cervical ganglion and forms internal carotid polexus

Question 10

4 major branches from internal carotid plexus

Answer 10

perivascular plexus: course with cerebral BVs

sympathetic branch to ciliary ganglion: passes through ciliary ganglino before terminating as short ciliary nerves to eyeball, postgang symp fibers innerveate dilator puillae and tarsal muscles

deep petrosal nerve: jions greater petrosal n to form vidian n
-post gang symp fibers go to palate, nasal cavity, pharynx, orbit, lacrimal gland

carotico-tympanic nerve

• enters middle ear cavity and forms part of tympanic plexus, exits as lesser petrosal nerve
• post ganglionic fibers to parotid gland

Question 11

what is the level of the middle cervical ganglion

Answer 11

CV6

Question 12

what is the level of the vertebral ganglion

Answer 12

CV7

Question 13

horner’s synderome may be caused by interruption of the cervical symp trunk, transection of spinal cord above the level of ____

Answer 13

T1

Question 14

signs and symptoms of horner’s syndrome

Answer 14

Ptosis of upper lid due to paralysis of tarsal m

Anhidrosis and blusing: vasodilation of skin on face due to loss symp innervation of Bvs

Mitosis or pupillary constriction due to paralysis of dilator pupillae muscle

Enophthalmos: due to paralysis of orbitalis muscle of muller

PAME

Question 15

causes of horner’s syndrome

Answer 15

partial or complete transection of cervical spinal cord
surgical or traumatic destruction of cervical symp chain
transient signs and symptoms

Question 16

preganglionic parasympathetic neurons are found in brainstem and course with cranial nerves:

Answer 16

III,VII,IX,X

Question 17

edinger-westphal nucleus sends what to where

fibers sent next?

Answer 17

preganglinoic fibers to the ciliary ganglion via the occulomotor nerve
-postganglionic fibers to ciliary muscles of lens and sphincter pupillae musles of iris

Question 18

superior salivatory nucleus sends ____fibers to which ganglion?

Answer 18

pterygopalatine ganglion

submandibular ganglion

Question 19

superior salivatory nucleus to pterygopalatine ganglion

Answer 19

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to:

pterygopalatine ganglion via the greater petrosal nerve
(off facial nerve) then the vidian nerve
-postganglionic axons innervate lacrimal gland, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, palate and orbit via zygomatic nerve

Question 20

superior salivatory nucleus to submandibular ganglion

Answer 20

superior salivatory nucleus sends preganglionic fibers to submandibular ganglion via the chorda tympani nerve (branch of facial nerve)

• chorda tympani nerve merges with lingual nerve until reaches ganglion
• postganglionic fibers innervate submandiubular and sublingual salivary glands

Question 21

indferior salivatory nucleus sends preganglionic ____ to where

Answer 21

preganglionic parasymp to the otic ganglion via the lesser petrosal nerve (branch of glossopharyngeal nerve)
-postganglionic parasympathetic axons from otic ganglion innervate parotid gland via auriculotemporal branches of trigeminal nerve

Question 22

dorsal motor nucleus X sends what

Answer 22

long, preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to scattered ganglia in pharynx, larynx, thorax, abdomen

-hosrt postganglionic parasymp fibers to adjacetn glands of pharynx, larynx, thorax, abdomen

Question 23

cervical sympathetic trunk location

Answer 23

posterior to the common carotid artery
anterior to longus colli and capitus muscle
invested in or deep to prevertebral fascia
rostral extent is at level of CV1

Question 24

location of superior cervical ganglion

Answer 24

posterior to the internal carotid artery at level of CV1-2

-on surface of longus capitus muscle

Question 25

deep petrosal nerve joins with ___ to form ____

-postgang symp fibers to what

Answer 25

greater, vidian

-palate, nasal cavity, pharynx, orbit, lacrimal gland

Question 26

carotico-tympanic nerve enters ____ and forms part of ___, exits as ____
-postganglionic symp fibers course through _____,_____,____ and supplies ____

Answer 26

middle ear cavity, tympanic plexus, lesser petrosal nerve

-lesser petrosal nerve, otic ganglion, auriculotemporal nerve to supply parotid

Question 27

postganglionic sympathetic fibers for submandibular salivary gland

Answer 27

from facial plexus intermediolateral cell column

Question 28

postganglionic symp fibers for parotid gland

Answer 28

from superior cervical ganglion