Ventilation: Clinical Applications Flashcards
What is the role of cilia + mucus with large particles?
Particles filtered in nose
Deposited on mucus layer in nose + nasopharynx
Swept by cilia to oropharynx
Swallowed
What is the role of cilia + mucus with medium sized particles?
Deposited on mucus lining
Wafted up to pharynx by cilia
Swallowed
What is the role of cilia + mucus with small particles?
Carried down to alveoli
Engulfed by macrophages
Removed by lymphatics
What is the interstitium?
Microscopic space between alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium
What is found in the interstitium?
Elastin fibres
Collagen fibres
Fibroblasts
Proteoglycans
What can cause interstitial lung fibrosis?
Asbestos Drugs Autoimmune Idiopathic Connective tissue disease
What happens to lung compliance in interstitial lung fibrosis?
Decreased
Is interstitial lung disease restrictive or obstructive?
Restrictive
What are the symptoms of interstitial lung disease?
Breathlessness
Dry cough
Relevant history
What is emphysema?
Abnormal, permanent enlargement of alveoli
What happens the alveoli in emphysema?
Protease mediated destruction of elastin in the wall = reduced elasticity
What happens to lung compliance in emphysema?
Increased
What is NRDS?
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Insufficient surfactant
What happens with insufficient surfactant?
High surface tension
Some alveoli collapse
Stiff lugs
Impaired ventilation
What are features of respiratory difficulty?
Grunting Nasal flaring Intercostal/subcostal retractions Tachypnoea Cyanosis
