Lung Cancer Flashcards
What is the commonest cause of lung cancer?
Smoking
What are risk factors for lung cancer?
Smoking Asbestos Radon Occupational carcinogens Genetic
What are symptoms of lung cancer?
Persistent cough Dyspnoea Wheezing Haemoptysis Weight loss
How is lung cancer staged?
TMN
What is T1?
= 3cm - with no evidence in the main bronchus
a = = 1cm b = = 2cm c = = 3cm
What is T2?
3
What is T3?
5
What is T4?
x>7cm
OR
invades
- diaphragm
- mediastinum
- great vessels
- trachea
- oesophagus
OR
tumour in ipsilateral lobe
What is N0?
No regional lymph nodes
What is N1?
Ipsilateral peribronchial/hilar lymph nodes + intrapulmonary nodes
What is N2?
Ipsilateral mediastinal/subcarinal lymph nodes
What is N3?
Contralateral lymph nodes
What is M0?
No distant mets
What is M1?
Distant metastases
a = contralateral lobe b = single extrathoracic met c = multiple extrathoracic mets
What are signs of lung cancer?
Finger clubbing Cachexia Cervical lymphadenopathy SVC obstruction Horners syndrome
What paraneoplastic syndromes can occur?
Hypercalcaemia
Cushing’s syndrome
SiADH
Anaemia
How is lung cancer investigated?
CXR
Staging CT
Biopsy
- bronchoscopy
- FNA
- thoracentesis
What are the main types of lung cancer?
Small cell
Non-small cell
What are the molecular markers for lung cancer?
EGFR mutations ALK mutations KRAS mutations PD1 mutations PDL1 mutations
What is performance status?
Patients level of being able to function and complete day to day activities
What is performance status 0?
No symptoms
Normal activity level
What is performance status 1?
Symptomatic
Normal activity level
What is performance status 2?
Symptomatic
In bed/chair less than half the day
Needs some assistance with daily activities
What is performance status 3?
Symptomatic
In bed/chair more than half the day
