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Respiratory System > Lung Cancer > Flashcards

Lung Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is the commonest cause of lung cancer?

A

Smoking

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2
Q

What are risk factors for lung cancer?

A 
Smoking
Asbestos 
Radon 
Occupational carcinogens
Genetic
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3
Q

What are symptoms of lung cancer?

A 
Persistent cough 
Dyspnoea
Wheezing 
Haemoptysis 
Weight loss
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4
Q

How is lung cancer staged?

A

TMN

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5
Q

What is T1?

A

= 3cm - with no evidence in the main bronchus

a = = 1cm 
b = = 2cm 
c = = 3cm
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6
Q

What is T2?

A

3

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7
Q

What is T3?

A

5

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8
Q

What is T4?

A

x>7cm

OR

invades

  • diaphragm
  • mediastinum
  • great vessels
  • trachea
  • oesophagus

OR

tumour in ipsilateral lobe

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9
Q

What is N0?

A

No regional lymph nodes

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10
Q

What is N1?

A

Ipsilateral peribronchial/hilar lymph nodes + intrapulmonary nodes

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11
Q

What is N2?

A

Ipsilateral mediastinal/subcarinal lymph nodes

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12
Q

What is N3?

A

Contralateral lymph nodes

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13
Q

What is M0?

A

No distant mets

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14
Q

What is M1?

A

Distant metastases

a = contralateral lobe 
b = single extrathoracic met
c = multiple extrathoracic mets
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15
Q

What are signs of lung cancer?

A 
Finger clubbing 
Cachexia 
Cervical lymphadenopathy 
SVC obstruction 
Horners syndrome
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16
Q

What paraneoplastic syndromes can occur?

A

Hypercalcaemia
Cushing’s syndrome
SiADH
Anaemia

17
Q

How is lung cancer investigated?

A

CXR
Staging CT

Biopsy

  • bronchoscopy
  • FNA
  • thoracentesis
18
Q

What are the main types of lung cancer?

A

Small cell

Non-small cell

19
Q

What are the molecular markers for lung cancer?

A 
EGFR mutations
ALK mutations
KRAS mutations 
PD1 mutations 
PDL1 mutations
20
Q

What is performance status?

A

Patients level of being able to function and complete day to day activities

21
Q

What is performance status 0?

A

No symptoms

Normal activity level

22
Q

What is performance status 1?

A

Symptomatic

Normal activity level

23
Q

What is performance status 2?

A

Symptomatic
In bed/chair less than half the day
Needs some assistance with daily activities

24
Q

What is performance status 3?

A

Symptomatic

In bed/chair more than half the day

25
Q

What is performance status 4?

A

Bedridden

26
Q

What is performance status 5?

A

Dead

27
Q

How can lung cancer be managed?

A

Surgery
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
Palliative

Respiratory System (23 decks)

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