LRTI + Pneumonia Flashcards
What are the common LRTIs?
Bronchitis
Pneumonia
Bronchiolitis
Bronchiectasis
What is acute bronchitis?
Inflammation of medium sized airways
What are the symptoms of acute bronchitis?
Cough - productive
Fever
Increased dyspnoea
What are the common organisms for acute bronchitis?
Viruses
Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
How is acute bronchitis managed?
Bronchodilation
+/- antibiotics
What is pneumonia?
Inflammation of lung alveoli
How does pneumonia present?
Fever
Cough
Pleuritic chest pain
Dyspnoea
What is the pathophysiology of pneumonia?
Acute inflammatory response
Exudation of fibrin-rich fluid
Neutrophil + macrophage infiltration
What are the common organisms for CAP?
Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Moraxella catarrhalis Staphylococcus aureus Klebsiella pneumoniae - redcurrent jelly sputum
What are the symptoms of a CAP?
SHortness of breath
Cough +/- sputum
Fever
Rigors
What are the sign of a CAP?
Pyrexia Tachycardia Tachypnoea Dullness to percussion Increased vocal resonance Bronchial breathing Crackles
How do you score a CAP?
CURB 65
Confusion Urea >7 RR >30 BP <90s or <60d >65 years
2 = admit 3-5 = severe
What is the management for mild-moderate CAP?
Amoxicillin / doxycycline
What is the management for moderate-severe CAP?
Co-amoxiclav + clarithromycin
What occurs with a viral pneumonia?
Damage to cells lining the airways
Fluid filled air spaces
