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Respiratory System > Chemical Control of Breathing > Flashcards

Chemical Control of Breathing Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

Fall in pO2

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2
Q

What is hypocapnia?

A

Fall in pCO2

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3
Q

What is hypercapnia?

A

Rise in pCO

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4
Q

What is hyperventilation?

A

Ventilation increase without change in metabolism

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5
Q

What is hypoventilation?

A

Ventilation decrease without change in metabolism

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6
Q

What happens in hyperventilation?

A

pO2 rise

pCO2 falls

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7
Q

What happens in hypoventilation?

A

pO2 falls

pCO2 rises

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8
Q

What causes hypocapnia?

A

If pO2 changes without a change in pCO2, correction of pO2 will cause pCO2 to drop

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9
Q

What happens if pH drops below 7.0?

A

Enzymes become denatured

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10
Q

What happens if pH rises about 7.6?

A

Free calcium concentration drops leading to tetany

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11
Q

What are the sensors in the respiratory control pathway?

A

Central chemoreceptors - H+
Peripheral chemoreceptors - O2, CO2, H+
Pulmonary receptors - stretch
Joint/muscle receptors - stretch, tension

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12
Q

Where are peripheral chemoreceptors found?

A

Carotid body

Aortic body

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13
Q

What does a large drop in pO2 stimulate?

A

Increase breathing rate
Increase heart rate
Changes in blood flow distribution

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14
Q

Where are central chemoreceptors found?

A

Medulla of brain

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15
Q

What do central chemoreceptors detect?

A

Changes in pCO2

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16
Q

What is the effect of small rise in pCO2 detected by central chemoreceptors?

A

Increase ventilation

17
Q

What is the effect of small fall in pCO2 detected by central chemoreceptors?

A

Decrease ventilation

18
Q

How do central chemoreceptors detect changes?

A

Changes in CSF pH

Determined by ratio of [HCO3-]:pCO2
[HCO3-] fixed in short term
so responds to changes in pCO2

19
Q

What happens if CSF pCO2 falls?

A

Rise in CSF pH

Decreases ventilation

20
Q

What happens if CSF pCO2 rises?

A

Fall in CSF pH

Increases ventilation

Respiratory System (23 decks)

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