Ventilation and Perfusion Flashcards
What is equala to [oxygen]alveolar= [oxygen in lungs] - [oxygen used by tissue] (calculation) ALVEOLAR GAS EQUATION
PAo2 = Pio2 - PaCo2 / R PAo2= alveolar partial pressure of oxygen PiO2= inspired partial pressure of oxygen, including water vapor (760-47 x oxygen%) AT SEA LEVEL PaCO2= arterial CO2 R= respiratory quotient (co2 produce/O2 used tissues)
What does alveolar has equation tell us?
What inspired O2 needs to be to produce a desired alveolar/arterial O2 level
The alveolar gas equation is not very useful. However it allows you to calculate what, which is useful for determind the health of the alveoli?
The A-a O2 gradient!
What is the calculation for A-aO2 gradient?
PAO2 - PaO2 = number! gradient
What is the normal A-aO2 gradient?
Less than 20mmHg
An increase in the A-aO2 gradient could suggest what?
That something is wrong with alveolar diffusion
Quick review of regional blood flow in the lungs. Which regions will have high, medium and low blood flow/pressures?
Zone 1 at apex is low flow/pressure Zone 2 is average Zone 3 is high at base d/t gravity
As we know. Gravity works on blood in our bodies. When we stand, hydrostatic pressure in our legs increases compared to the level of the heart of brain. Does this occur in the lungs?
YES
What is the regional blood flow of the lungs?
Apex of the lung- decreased BP; decreased blood flow
Middle regions of the lung- BP is normal; blood flow is normal
Base region of the lung- BP high; Blood flow is high.
Is the intrapleural fluid acted on by gravity?
Yes. Thus, it affects the intrapleural pressure.
Due to gravity, there is more intrapleural fluid where?
Near the base, than the apex.
What is the intrapleural pressure and fluid concentration at the
- Apex
- Base
Apex- less intrapleural fluid= intrapleural pressure is more negative (up to -10cm H20)
Base- more intrapleural fluid=intrapleural pressure is less negative (-2–3 cmH20)
How does the intrapleural pressure differences of the lungs affect the sizes of the alveoli?
Apex=
- intrapleural fluid=
more negative pressure (-10)=
larger alveoli
Base=
+ intrapleural fluid=
Less negative pressure (-2-3 mmHg)
smaller alveoli
Since intrapleural pressure is more negative at the apex, the alveoli are large at rest. What happens at the base?
pressure is less so alveoli are small because they are not as expanded by the pressure