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CP Exam 1 > Lecture 1: Thoracic Wall and Cavities > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Thoracic Wall and Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

What is the thorax?

A

The area in between the neck and abdomen.

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2
Q

What are the openings of the rib cage called?

A

Superior thoracic aperture–> allows the neck and thorax to communicate

Inferior thoracic aperture–> allows the thorax and abdomen to communicate

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3
Q

What are the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperature?

A
  1. T1 vertebra
  2. Paired 1st ribs
  3. Superior manubrium
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4
Q

What are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperature?

A
  1. T12 vertebral segment
  2. 11th and 12 ribs
  3. 7-12 costal cartilage
  4. Xiphisternal joint
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5
Q

Suprasternal notch is also called the

A

Jugular notch

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6
Q

Sternal angle is also called

A

Angle of Louis

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7
Q

Ribs 1-7 meet up with their own costal cartilage, and are called _______ ribs

A

Vertebrocostal

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8
Q

Ribs 8-10 meet up with rib 7’s costal cartilage and are called ______ ribs

A

vertebrochondral

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9
Q

Ribs 11-12 are called ______ ribs, are floating, and have no cartilage

A

Vertebral

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10
Q

Only ribs _____ are considered typical ribs

A

3-9

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11
Q

CN: Most commonly fractured ribs are the _________

A

middle ribs, at their weakest spot, anterior to the costal angle.

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12
Q

CN: What can occur as a result of rib fracture?

A

Rib fracture can damage the internal organs and cause pain with respiration, coughing, laughing and sneezing.

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13
Q

CN: Supernumeray ribs

A

Supernumerary ribs are extra ribs in the cerivical or lumbar region that are caused by costal elements becoming a rib.

Extra cervical ribs typically cause no symptoms, but can produce neural and circulatory problems based on how close they are to the brachial plexus and subclavian vessels.

Lumbar ribs are less common and also do not cause sx, but they can create confusing radiographic images.

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14
Q

CN: Supernumerary ribs can cause ____

A

Thoracic outlet syndrome due to extra cervical ribs

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15
Q

Divisions of the thoracic cavity

A
  • 2 pulmonary cavities (contain lungs and plurae)
  • Mediastimum (located in the middle and contains the heart, thoracic great vessel, trachea, thoracic esphogus and thymus)
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16
Q

Primary cartilagenous joints are called what?

A

Synchondrosis

17
Q

Secondary cartilagenous joints are called what?

A

Symphysis- in between intervertebral disks.

They are slightly movable

18
Q

Manubriosternal joint

Joint classification:

What 2 bones articulate:

What ligmanents hold it together:

A

Joint classification: Symphysis (secondary cartilagenous joint)

What 2 bones articulate: Manubrium of the sternum and body of the sternum

What ligmanents hold it together:

19
Q

Xiphisternal joint

Joint classification:

What 2 bones articulate:

What ligmanents hold it together:

A

Joint classification: Synchondrosis

What 2 bones articulate: body of the sternum and xiphoid process of the sternum

What ligmanents hold it together:

20
Q

Sternocostal joints

Joint classification:

What 2 bones articulate:

What ligmanents hold it together:

A

Joint classification: Varies

Rib 1- Synchondrosis

Rib 2-7- Planar synovial

What 2 bones articulate: located where the costal cartilage meets the sternum.

What ligmanents hold it together: Anterior/posterior radiate sternocostal l.

21
Q

Costovertebral joints

Joint classification:

What 2 bones articulate:

What ligmanents hold it together:

A

Joint classification: Synovial planar

What 2 bones articulate: Located in between the head of the ribs and the vertebrae

What ligmanents hold it together: Radiate ligament and intraarticular ligalent (comes off the head of the ribs and meets on the vertebral disk

22
Q

How to the rib and vertebrae articulate?

A

The HEAD of rib 6 meets up with the superior costal facet of T6, transverse process of T6 and inferior costal facet of T5.

23
Q

Costotransverse joints

Joint classification:

What 2 bones articulate:

What ligmanents hold it together:

A

Joint classification: Planar synovial joint

What 2 bones articulate: between the tubercle of ribs and transverse process

What ligmanents hold it together:

lateral costotransverse ligament (connect the tubercle of the rib to the transverse process) &

Superior costotransverse ligament (connect the neck of the rib to the transverse process one vertebral segment superiorly

24
Q

lateral costotransverse ligament

A

connects the tubercle of the rib

–> transverse process

25
Q

Superior costotransverse ligament

A

Connects the neck of the rib –> transverse process one vertebrae up

26
Q

What is the movement at the costovetebral joint?

A

2 movements of the joint both function to increase thoracic volume, decreasing thoracic pressure, allowing you to breathe in (inspiration).

  1. Bucket handle movement–> lateral most portion of the rib elevates, increasing the diameter of the thorax
  2. Pump handle movement–> sternal end of the rib elevates, increasing the anterior –> posterior diameter of the thorax.
27
Q

Costochondral joints

Joint classification:

What 2 bones articulate:

What ligmanents hold it together:

A

Joint classification: Synchondrosis

What 2 bones articulate: in between the ribs and costal cartilage

What ligmanents hold it together:

28
Q

Dislocation of ribs

A

dislocation at the sternocostal joint

29
Q

Separation of the ribs

A

Seperation occurs at the costalchondral joint

30
Q

Intercostal muscles

A

There are 11 pairs, 3 layers deep

The internal intercostal muscle and innermost intercostal muscles are seperated by the intercostal neurovascular bundle.

1. External intercostal m.

2. Internal intercostal m.

3. Innermost intercostal m.

31
Q

External intercostal muscle

Action:

Innervation:

BS:

A

Action: Elevate the ribs (inspiration)

Innervation: Intercostal n.

BS: Intercostal a.

Muscle fibers go as if you are putting your hands in your pocket.

As we get closer to the sternum, the muscle is replaced by the external intercostal membrane, which covers the internal intercostal m.

32
Q

Internal intercostal m.

Action:

Innervation:

BS:

A

Action: Depress ribs (expiration)

Innervation: Intercostal n.

BS: Intercostal a.

Muscle fiber directions are perpendicular (opposite) to the external intercostal a.

33
Q

Innermost intercostal m.

Action:

Innervation:

BS:

A

Action: Probs same as internal intercostal m.

Innervation: Intercostal n.

BS: Intercostal a.

Intercostal bundle goes in between internal intercostal m and innermost intercostal m. If you cannot see the bundle–> Innermost intercostal m because it blocks the view.

34
Q

CN: Thoracentisis

A

Stick a hypodermic needle in the middle of the intercostal muscle to drain fliud from the pleural cavity.

The needle must be inserted between the ribs inferior to the intercostal neurovascular bundle, but above the collateral branches. SO RIGHT IN THE MIDDLE.

35
Q

CN: Insertion of chest tube

A

A tube is inserted in between the 5th or 6th intercostal space to remove air, fluid, blood or pus from the pleural cavity.

36
Q

CN: Thorascopy

A

Thorascopies are performed so that we can visualize/biopsy the space inside the pleural cavity.

37
Q

Transverse thoracic m.

A

Axn: Depress the ribs to help with expiration

I: Intercostal N

BS:: _____

Go from sternum–>costal cartilage

38
Q

Subcostal M

A

Axn: Depress the ribs

I: Intercostal N

BS

Goes from the inferior border of one rib–> superior border of 1 rib.

Only found on the posterior thoracic wall.

39
Q
A

CP Exam 1 (29 decks)

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