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Respiratory System > Ventilation and Compliance > Flashcards

Ventilation and Compliance Flashcards

1
Q

Lung capacity

A

About 6 litres

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2
Q

Tidal volume

A

Volume breathed in or out at rest

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3
Q

Residual volume

A

Allows stays in alveoli (stops alveoli from collapsing, allows gas exchange to always be taking place)

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4
Q

Vital capacity

A

Volume of air that can be moved - tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume

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5
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

Maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs at the end of a normal expiration

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6
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

Maximum volume of air that can be drawn into the lungs at the end of a normal inspiration

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7
Q

Total lung capacity

A

Vital capacity + residual volume

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8
Q

Inspiratory capacity

A

Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume

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9
Q

Functional residual capacity

A

Expiratory reserve volume + residual volume

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10
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

Total air movement into/out of the lungs (L/min)

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11
Q

Alveolar ventilation

A

Fresh air getting to alveoliand therefore available for gas exchange (L/min)

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12
Q

Partial pressure

A

The pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases is equivalent to the percentage of that particular gas in the entire mixture multiplied by the pressure of the whole gaseous mixture

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13
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Oxygen pressure rises

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14
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Oxygen pressure falls - lots of shallow breaths

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15
Q

Surfactant

A

Detergent-like fluid produced by type II alveolar cells
Reduces surface tension on alveolar surface membrane thus reducing tendency for alveoli to collapse
Increases lung compliance
Redduces lung’s tendency to recoil
Makes work of breathing easier
More effectiv in small alveoli as molecules more concentrated

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16
Q

Compliance

A

Change in volume relative to change in pressure

17
Q

High compliance

A

Large increase in lung volume for small increase in pressure

18
Q

Emphysema

A

Loss of elastic tissue means expiration requires effort

19
Q

Fibrosis

A

Inert fibrous tissue means effort of inspiration increases

20
Q

Obstructive lung disease

A

Obstruction of air flow, especially on expiration

21
Q

Restrictive lung disease

A

Restriction of lung expansion

22
Q

Obstructive lung disorders

A 
Asthma
COPD (chronic bronchitis - inflammation of the bronchi, emphysema - destruction of the alveoli, loss of elastisity)
23
Q

Restrictive lung disorders

A

Loss of lung compliance
Fibrosis - excess fibrous connective tissue
Infant respiratory distress syndrome - insufficent surfactant production
Oedema
Pneumothorax

24
Q

Spirometry

A

Technique used to measure lung function

Anything not involving residual volume can be measured using spirometry

25
Q

Static spirometry

A

Only consideration is volume exhaled

26
Q

Dynamic spirometry

A

Time taken to exhale a certain volume is measured

27
Q

Anatomical dead space

A

Volume of air taken in during each breath that does not mix with the air in the alveoli. Measure of the volume of the conducting airways

28
Q

Surface tension in alveoli

A

Caused by air-water interface on the surface of the alveoli due to the air being humidified

29
Q

Distensibility

A

Surfactant increases lung compliance

30
Q

Pressure-volume compliance

A

Easier to inflate once it has started to inflate

Needs to overcome tissue inertia (elastic recoil) and surface tension

31
Q

Effect of gravity on compliance

A

Alveoli at base of lung squashed and so more able to open - change in transpulmonary pressure - base increases in volume more than apex

32
Q

Restrictive ratio (FEV1/FVC)

A

Stays the same or increases due to less air able to get into lungs

33
Q

Obstructive ratio (FEV1/FVC)

A

Ratio drastically decreases as forced expiratory volume massively decreases

34
Q

FEV1

A

Forced expiratory volume in 1 second

35
Q

FVC

A

Forced vital capacity

36
Q

FEV1/FVC in healthy males

A

80%

Respiratory System (24 decks)

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