Introduction and Anatomy of Lungs, Airways and Blood Supply

Question 1

Pneumocytes

Answer 1

Cells that line the alveoli of the lungs (types 1 and 2)

Rich capillary network

Question 2

Alveolar cells (Type 1)

Answer 2

Point of gas exchange

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 3

Alveolar cells (Type 2)

Answer 3

Synthesise surfactant
Phospholipids and protein
Reduces surface tension at alveolar surface
Reduces work of breathing

Question 4

Artery

Answer 4

AWAY from the heart

Question 5

Breathing rate

Answer 5

10-20 breaths/min at rest (40-45 at maximum exercise in adults)

Question 6

Average volume of oxygen exchanged

Answer 6

250ml per min (consumed)

Question 7

Average volume of carbon dioxide exchanged

Answer 7

200ml per min (produced)

Question 8

Contraction of bronchial smooth muscle

Answer 8

Decreases diameter, increases resistance

Question 9

Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

Answer 9

Increases diameter, decreases resistance

Question 10

Anatomical dead space

Answer 10

Upper airways - walls too thick to allow air to pass through

Function is conduction of air to and from alveoli

Question 11

Progression from nose to alveoli

Answer 11

Epithelium becomes more squamous
Cilia lost
Mucous cells lost (through cilia)

Question 12

Mucous

Answer 12

Moistens air
Traps particles
Provides large surface area for cilia to act on
Goblet cells
Subepithelial glands

Question 13

Macrophages

Answer 13

Gather residual dirt
Escape to pharynx/lymph nodes
From blood monocytes