Pulmonary Vascular Disease Flashcards
Risk factors for venous thromboembolism
Recent major trauma Recent surgery Cancer Significant cardiopulmonary disease Pregnancy Inherited thrombophilia
Symptoms of pulmonary embolism
Pleuritc chest pain, cough and haemoptysis
Isolated acute dsypnoea
Syncope or cardiac arrest
PE treatment
Oxygen Low molecular weight heparin Warfarin Pulmonary embolectomy Thrombolysis
Pulmonary hypertension
Elevated blood pressure in the pulmonary arterial or tree, either primary or secondary to other conditions
Pulmonary hypertension causes
Idiopathic
Secondary to chronic respiratory disease/left heart disease
Pulmonary hypertension signs
Elevated JVP Right ventricular heave Loud pulmonary heart sound Hepatomegaly Ankle oedema
Pleural Effusion
Inoperable
Chest wall invasion
Pain, visible on CXR
MRI in lung cancer tests
Determining degree of vascular and neurological involvement in Pancoast tumour
Bone scan lung cancer test
For chest wall invasion and bony matastases
ECHO lung cancer test
Will determine presence or absence of significant pericardial effusion
Staging in lung cancer
TNM - tumour, node, metastasis
T1 - cancer contained within the lung
T2 - tumour between 3-5cm OR involves main bronchus, visceral pleura or part or all of the lung has collapsed or is blocked due to inflammation
T3 - tumour between 5-7cm OR more than one tumour in the same lobe or grown onto chest wall, phrenic nerve or pericardium
T4 - Bigger than 7cm, in more than one lobe of the lung, or spread to a structure in the vicinity of the lungs
Clubbing
As a result of lung disease - to do with more blood flow to fingers (and occasionally toes)
Reasons for peri-operative death
ARDS (fluid collection in lungs) Bronchopneumonia MI PTE Pneumothorax Intrathoracic bleeding
