Pathology of Obstructive Lung Disease Flashcards
Obstructive airway diseases
Chronic bronchitis (COPD)
Emphysema (COPD)
Asthma
FEV1
Forced expiratory volume in the 1st second
FVC
Forced vital capacity
FEV1/FVC in obstructive lung diseases
Airflow limitation
Peak flow reduced (as FEV1 is reduced)
FVC may be reduced
Bronchial asthma
Type 1 hypersensitivity in the airways
Reversible
Bronchial smooth muscle contraction and inflammation can be modified by drugs
Morphological changes in chronic bronchitis (large airways)
Mucous gland hyperplasia
Goblet cell hyperplasia
Inflammation and fibrosis (minor component)
Morphological changes in chronic bronchitis (small airways)
Goblet cells appear
Inflammation and fibrosis in long standing disease
Emphysema
Increase beyond the normal in the size of airspaces distal to the terminal bronchiole arising either from dilatation or from destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis (loss of alveoli)
Forms of emphysema
Centriacinar
Panacinar
Periacinar
Scar
Centriacinar emphysema
Happens in central acinous - early in disease
Alveolar tissue lost
Panacinar emphysema
May be associated with smoking/anti-trypsin deficiency
Whole acinar structure disappears, lung tissue lost
Lower lobes of the lung
Periacinar/scar emphysema
Holes at the peripheral of the lung - can “pop”
Antitrypsin deficiency
No defence against enzymes created by inflammation
