Velar Muscules Flashcards
What forms the bulk of the body of the uvula but is separate from the uvula proper?
musculus uvulae
the contraction of what muscle moves the posterior pharyngeal wall anteriorly and the lateral pharyngeal walls medially?
superior pharyngeal constrictor
The levator veli palatini is essential in articulating _______ sounds
oral sounds
What are the purposes of the bulging velum when the musculus uvulae contracts?
- added stiffness to prevent velar distortion
- assure a good VP seal between the velum and the posterior pharyngeal wall
What is the purpose of all pharyngeal constrictor muscles?
narrow the diameter of the pharynx
Is the tensor veli palatini active during speech or swallowing or both?
swallowing
the tensor veli palatini muscle is or is not involved in the VP opening or closing?
NOT
What muscle forms the posterior faucial pilliar?
palatopharyngeous
is the levator veli palatini a VP closer or opener?
closer
What is the function of the palatoglossus?
depress the soft palate and elevates tongue
narrow the orpharyngeal isthmus when swallowing
What is the origin, course, and insertion for the levator veli palatini muscle?
origin: tympanic part of the temporal bone
course: down and forward
insertion: palatine aponeurosis (supports the soft palate muscles)
the levator veli palatini elevates and retracts the posterior portion of the _____
velum
contraction of the levator veli palatini helps to ______ (close/open) the VP
close
What muscle forms the anterior faucial pillar?
palatoglossus
what is the purpose of the hard plate?
separate the oral and nasal cavities
velopharyngeal mechanism is incapable of separating the oral and nasal cavities during swallowing and speech, is called what?
velopharyngeal incompetence
too little sound into the nasal cavity during speech is known as what?
hyponasality
the posterior 1/3 is the _____ plate
soft plate
what muscle helps pull the pharyngeal walls medially during VP closing?
palatopharyngeous muscle
at what age do normal tonsil cells degenerate or atrophy?
~16 years old
what allows for pressure equilibration between the atmosphere and the middle ear and fluid drainage when open?
eustachian tubes
What is the function of the tensor veli palatini?
-tenses the soft palate
-assists the levator veli palatini in elevating the palate
-occlude and prevent entry of food into the nasopharynx during swallowing
is the palatoglossus a VP closer or opener?
opener
velopharyngeal mechanism adequately closes the port during swallowing and speech, is called what?
velopharyngeal competence
What are the two depressors?
- palatoglossus muscle
- palatopharyngeal muscle
what is the origin and insertion of the tensor veli palatini?
origin: ptyergoid of the sphenoid
insertion: palatal aponeurosis
when the oral and nasal cavities are separated, is this a closed or open VP?
closed
is the tensor veli palatini a VP closer or opener?
closer
for nasal breathing and production of nasal sounds, is the valve open or closed?
open
velar elevation is lowers for what type of sounds (oral or nasal)?
nasals
is the musculus uvulae a VP closer or opener?
closer
what are tonsils made out of?
lymphoid tissue
adenoid pads may assist in velar closure or opening?
closure
velar elevation ________ for high vowels than low
greater
The anterior 2/3 is the _____ plate
hard plate
The palatoglossus contracts to depress the _____ palate
soft
velar elevation ________ for high pressure consonants than lower pressure consonants and semivowels
higher
What muscle(s) is active during both swallowing and speech production?
levator veli palatini
musculus uvulae
too much sound into the nasal cavity during speech is known as what?
hypernasality
What are the two purposes of the velum?
- velopharyngeal port
- control of VP is critical for resonance
the palatoglossus may be an ____________ muscle to the levator veli palatini
antagonist
is the palatopharygeous a VP closer or opener?
both
when the oral and nasal cavities are connected, is this a closed or open VP?
open
low vowels may be associated with some velar _____ (opening/closing)
opening
What forms the boundary between the oral cavity and the oropharynx?
faucial pillars
What is the origin of the palatopharyngeus (anterior and posterior)? As well as the course and insertion
origin: anterior fibers-hard palate, posterior fibers-soft palate midline
course: laterally and down
insertion: upper border o the posterior thyroid cartilage
what is the origin, course, and insertion of the palatoglossus muscle?
origin: palatal aponeurosis
course: down
insertion: each side of posterior tongue
What is the VP made up of (3 things)?
- lateral pharyngeal walls
- posterior pharyngeal wall
- velum
is the musculus uvulae active during swallowing, speech, or both?
both
what is the function of the levator veli palatini?
primary elevator of the soft palate
When the tensor veli palatini contracts what opens?
the eustachian tubes
What happens when the musculus uvulae contracts?
a bulge on the posterior part of the nasal surface of the velum
for swallowing and production or oral sounds, is the valve open or closed?
closed
What are the three speech sounds the require the soft palate be lowered?
m,n,ng
is the superior pharyngeal constrictor a VP closer or opener?
closer
what is the tensor veli palatini muscle innervated by? What about the levator veli palatini?
tensor - CN V (trigeminal)
levator - CN X (vagus)
The levator veli palatini is important for also preventing ______ from entering the nasopharynx during swallowing
food
What is the function of the palatopharyngeus?
lowers/depresses soft palate
narrows orpharyngeal cavity by pulling lateral and posterior pharyngeal walls medially
