Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P for SLP > Physiology of Larynx > Flashcards

Physiology of Larynx Flashcards

Exam 2

1
Q

“doorway” to the laryngeal vestibule - border is rim of epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds

A

Aditus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Space between the false and the true VFs

A

Laryngeal ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

space between the aditus and ventricular folds

A

Laryngeal vestibule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

aka ventricular folds

A

false vocal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many layers of tissue in the vocal folds?

A

5 layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the outermost layer of the vocal fold tissue?

A

Squamous epithelium - white in color and protects the inner layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a part of the lamina propria of the vocal folds tissues?

A
  1. superficial lamina propria
  2. intermediate lamina propria
  3. deep lamina propria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What part of the lamina propria make up the vocal ligament?

A

Intermediate and deep lamina propria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What tissue of the vocal folds make up the bulk of the vocal folds?

A

Muscular layer (i.e., thyroarytenoid muscle (TA))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the muscular layer of tissue in the VFs?

A

Origin - thyroid
Insertion - arytenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the purpose of the larynx (non-speech)

A

Protection
Abdominal Fixation
Dilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are aspects of protection for the larynx?

A

coughing
throat clearing
prevention of aspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the purpose of the larynx (speech-related function)

A

Phonation (voice production): most complex and highly specialized laryngeal function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the most complex and highly specialized laryngeal function

A

Phonation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the process of vibration determined by?

A
  1. elasticity
  2. stiffness
  3. inertia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What repeats itself in a predictable fashion during acoustics?

A

periodic waveform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

One point in a vibratory pattern to the same point again

A

Cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Property of a material that causes it to return to its original shape after displacement

A

elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

strength of force within a material to return to its original shape after distention

A

stiffness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

a body in motion tends to stay in motion

A

inertia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How often something occurs; cycles per second for sound (measured in Hz) and perceived as pitch

A

Frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Degree to which the waveform goes beyond the X axis, perceived as loundness

A

Amplitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does sustained phonation depend on?

A
  1. maintenance of adequate subglottic pressure
  2. flow
  3. vocal fold approximation/adduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does phonation begin?

A

Attack (i.e., adduction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The vocal folds vibrate in a _______________ manner

A

Quasi-periodic manner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The number of cycles of VOCAL FOLD oscillation per second is called ________

A

Fundamental frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Phonation ends/terminates with __________ of the vocal folds

A

Abduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Glottal vibration is the interaction between ________ _______ and _____ ________ tissue property (I.e., elastic)

A

Aerodynamic forces and vocal folds’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the power source of the opening phase?

A

Subglottal pressure

30
Q

What are the two driving forces of closing phase?

A
  1. aerodynamics: bernoulli effect
  2. myoelasticity: VFs are made up of elastic tissue
31
Q

During sustained phonation muscle contraction is ________

A

Tonic/sustained

32
Q

______ in the velocity will results in a ________ in the pressure (i.e,. Bernoulli’s effect)

A

Increase, decrease

33
Q

What is the scientific principle that explains the closing phase of the VFs repetitive vibration?

A

Bernoulli’s effect

34
Q

in Bernoulli’s principle the rate of airflow is ________

A

constant

35
Q

What are the stages of the opening phase?

A
  1. VFs are closed (completley adducted) -> subglottic pressure increases
  2. VFs gradually separate at the BOTTOM (opening phase starts here)
  3. Upper part of the glottis opens next
  4. Opening continues (this is NOT abduction! called the opening phase)
  5. Opening is completed! (The VFs are blown apart) Simultaneously, air molecules will be rushing upward FAST!
36
Q

What are the stages of the closing phase?

A
  1. Pressure in the glottis is now negative (myoelasticity)
  2. VFs continue to move to the midline
    8-9 closing continues (lower portion first)
  3. closing is completed
37
Q

air pressure below the vocal folds arises from _______ ___________

A

respiratory flow

38
Q

air pressure causes the vocal folds to separate in the __________

A

inferior

39
Q

When the VFs are blown open, the velocity of air ________, and pressure at the folds ________

A

increases, decreases

40
Q

Decreased pressure (between the VFs) and the ________ quality of vocal folds causes folds to move back toward the _________

A

elastic, midline

41
Q

voicing is due to the changing ___________ that exits the glottis during each cycle

A

airflow

42
Q

What are the types of pitch?

A

Optimal pitch
Habitual pitch

43
Q

The frequency of vibration that is most efficient for a pair of vocal cords, what are the Hz for males and females?

A

optimal pitch
males: 130 Hz
females: 210

44
Q

The frequency habitually used by a person, effort to sustain phonation causes vocal fatigue

A

Habitual pitch

45
Q

What are the three major vocal registers?

A
  1. modal
  2. glottal fry
  3. Falsetto
    optional 4. whistle register
46
Q

Phonation used in daily conversation, most important register for speech-language pathologists

A

Modal register

47
Q

What is the minimum driving force for using modal register?

A

3-5 cm H20 for 5 seconds

48
Q

crackly voice quality, voice rough and low pitch, vocal folds pend up to 90% fo time in approximation

A

Glottal fry

49
Q

What register is it when vibrating margin is flaccid and thick?

A

glottal fry

50
Q

highest register of phonation

A

Falsetto

51
Q

what register is when vocal folds lengthen and become very thin, requires increases vocal fold tension, and the VFs make brief contact

A

falsetto

52
Q

not a phonation but a product of turbulence on the edge of the vocal fold

A

whistle register

53
Q

What are variations of modal phonation?

A

Normal
Pressed
Breathy

54
Q

What is it called when the VFs are partially adducted and tense? The cartilaginous portion is not closed during this

A

Whispering

55
Q

What are the three types of attacks for phonation?

A
  1. simultaneous
  2. breathy
  3. glottal
56
Q

What type of attack is it when adduction of the vocal folds prior to the airflow?
a) simultaneous
b) breathy
c) glottal

A

Glottal attack

57
Q

What type of attack is it when start significant airflow before adducting the vocal folds?
a) simultaneous
b) breathy
c) glottal

A

Breathy vocal attack

58
Q

What type of attack is it when adduction and onset of respiration at the same time
a) simultaneous
b) breathy
c) glottal

A

Simultaneous vocal attack

59
Q

What muscles are needed to help change pitch?

A

cricothyroid and thyrovocalis muscles

60
Q

How do you change the fundamental frequency?

A

change the amount of mass in vibration and change the tension of tissue in vibration

61
Q

How many cycles for male speakers?

A

130

62
Q

How many cycles for female speakers?

A

210

63
Q

What does myo mean?

A

muscle

64
Q

What muscles help the vocal folds close?

A

The intrinsic muscles (i.e., lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA), inter-arytenoids (transverse and oblique arytentoids))

65
Q

What causes the opening phase of the vocal folds during phonation?

A

VFs are gradually separated at the bottom after subglottal pressures increases

66
Q

What causes the vocal folds to return to midline during phonation?

A

Decreased pressure between the vocal folds and the elastic quality of vocal folds causes folds to move back toward the midline

67
Q

The VFs can vibrate “faster” when they are:

A

more tense, longer, and thinner

68
Q

How do you get a lower frequency?

A

less tense, shorter (more mass), thicker

69
Q

What is meant by aerodynamics?

A

Air flow velocity is between the vocal folds is very quickly -> the air pressure in the glottis becomes negative

70
Q

What is Bernoulli effect?

A

Rate of airflow is constant -> the size of the channel decreases -> the velocity (speed) of the molecules increases -> the air pressure at the narrow pint decreases

71
Q

each vibration allows a brief puff of air to escape​

this process is called ?​

A

Voicing

A&P for SLP (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions