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A&P for SLP > Ch 1: Muscles > Flashcards

Ch 1: Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two conditions that must be met to allow movement??

A
  1. The structure of the joint must allow movement
  2. Muscle must cross the joint and be able to contract and relax
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2
Q

What joint type allows limited movement?

A

cartilaginous/amphiarthrodial

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3
Q

What joint type allows the most movement?

A

synovial/diarthrodial

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4
Q

What are the types of muscle tissue?

A

Striated/skeletal
Smoot
Cardiac

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5
Q

What is the one thing muscle can do?

A

contract

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6
Q

What muscle fiber contracts quickly, fatigue easily, and are for fine movements?

A

Fast twitch

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7
Q

What muscle fiber is for large movements, have greater endurance, exert greater force, and are antigravity muscles of the trunk?

A

Slow twitch

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8
Q

What is the hierarchy composition of striated muscle?

A

Largest to smallest
Muscle - muscle fibers - myofibrils - myofilaments - thick myofilaments - thin myofilaments

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9
Q

How short can muscle get when they contract?

A

~1/3 of original length

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10
Q

Muscle can only ______ structures

A

pull

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11
Q

The impulse to activate muscle arises at the ____________ of the cerebral cortex

A

motor strip

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12
Q

What are the three basic components a neuron is made out of?

A

Dendrite, soma, axon

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13
Q

What is the input side of a neuron? Information is received here

A

dendrite

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14
Q

what is the cell body of the neuron?

A

soma

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15
Q

The point at which information leaves the neuron

A

axon

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16
Q

What part of the neuron is responsible for waste removal, blood-brain barrier and much more?

A

glial cells

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17
Q

an aggregate of cell bodies in the CNS having functional unity

A

nuclei

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18
Q

aggregate of cell bodies in the PNS having functional unity (i.e., spiral ganglion of the auditory system)

A

ganglia

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19
Q

What is a neuron’s basic function?

A

to communicate

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20
Q

What is the space between two neurons where communication occurs?

A

synapse (between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another)

21
Q

Important cranial nerve that mediates sense of touch for face and control many muscles of chewing

A

(V) Trigeminal nerve

22
Q

What is a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates?

A

Motor unit

23
Q

What makes up a motor unit (5 things)?

A

Dendrite, nucleus, axon, neuromuscular junction, muscle fiber

24
Q

How do we activate muscles after we develop a motor plan?

A

Through neural impulses

25
Q

The attachment point of muscle that has limited movement

A

Origin (more proximal)

26
Q

The attachment point that has more movement

A

Insertion (more distal)

27
Q

This attaches muscle to bone, muscle to cartilage, or muscle to muscle and is usually very strong

A

Tendon

28
Q

Responsible for movement
A. agonist
B. Antagonist
C. synergists/fixator

A

Agonist

29
Q

Perform movements opposite of the agonist
A. agonist
B. Antagonist
C. synergists/fixator

A

Antagonist

30
Q

Stabilize structure
A. agonist
B. Antagonist
C. synergists/fixator

A

Synergists/Fixator

31
Q

What are the three important muscl emovements?

A

Isometric, concentric, eccentric

32
Q

Muscle action where its point of attachment do not move relative to each other

A

Isometric (ex: flexing in the mirror)

33
Q

Muscle is active and its attachments are drawn closer together

A

Concentric (ex: bicep curl)

34
Q

Muscle is active and its attachments are drawn further apart

A

Eccentric

35
Q

Bending at a joint to bring surfaces/ends closer together

A

flexion

36
Q

bring surfaces/ends apart (straightening)

A

extension

37
Q

Complex process used to convert your inner thoughts into a chain of speech sounds

A

linguistic encoding/speech - this is generated through the activation of multiple muscle systems

38
Q

What are the systems (5) involved in speech?

A
  1. respiratory
  2. phonatory
  3. articulation
  4. resonance
  5. nervous
39
Q

What system is the “power” source for speech production?

A

respiratory system

40
Q

What system is involved in producing ‘voice’

A

phonation system

41
Q

What separates the upper and lower airways?

A

vocal folds

42
Q

What houses the vocal folds?

A

larynx

43
Q

What vibrates to produce voice?

A

vocal folds

44
Q

2 bands of muscle (thyroarytenoid muscle) that control the presence of phonation or not & lower airway protection

A

Vocal folds

45
Q

vocal folds up from the ________ first

A

bottom

46
Q

The system of structures involved in shaping the oral cavity for production of the sounds of speech

A

articulatory system

47
Q

What determines the shape of vocal tract?

A
  1. changing place of articulators
  2. speech articulators: mobile vs immobile
48
Q

What is the filter of the source-filter theory?

A

vocal tract (i.e., nasal cavity, pharynx, and oral cavity)

49
Q

What are the sources of the source-filter theory?

A

Lungs

A&P for SLP (23 decks)

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