Ch 1: Muscles

Question 1

What are the two conditions that must be met to allow movement??

Answer 1

1. The structure of the joint must allow movement
2. Muscle must cross the joint and be able to contract and relax

Question 2

What joint type allows limited movement?

Answer 2

cartilaginous/amphiarthrodial

Question 3

What joint type allows the most movement?

Answer 3

synovial/diarthrodial

Question 4

What are the types of muscle tissue?

Answer 4

Striated/skeletal
Smoot
Cardiac

Question 5

What is the one thing muscle can do?

Answer 5

contract

Question 6

What muscle fiber contracts quickly, fatigue easily, and are for fine movements?

Answer 6

Fast twitch

Question 7

What muscle fiber is for large movements, have greater endurance, exert greater force, and are antigravity muscles of the trunk?

Answer 7

Slow twitch

Question 8

What is the hierarchy composition of striated muscle?

Answer 8

Largest to smallest
Muscle - muscle fibers - myofibrils - myofilaments - thick myofilaments - thin myofilaments

Question 9

How short can muscle get when they contract?

Answer 9

~1/3 of original length

Question 10

Muscle can only ______ structures

Answer 10

pull

Question 11

The impulse to activate muscle arises at the ____________ of the cerebral cortex

Answer 11

motor strip

Question 12

What are the three basic components a neuron is made out of?

Answer 12

Dendrite, soma, axon

Question 13

What is the input side of a neuron? Information is received here

Answer 13

dendrite

Question 14

what is the cell body of the neuron?

Answer 14

soma

Question 15

The point at which information leaves the neuron

Answer 15

axon

Question 16

What part of the neuron is responsible for waste removal, blood-brain barrier and much more?

Answer 16

glial cells

Question 17

an aggregate of cell bodies in the CNS having functional unity

Answer 17

nuclei

Question 18

aggregate of cell bodies in the PNS having functional unity (i.e., spiral ganglion of the auditory system)

Answer 18

ganglia

Question 19

What is a neuron’s basic function?

Answer 19

to communicate

Question 20

What is the space between two neurons where communication occurs?

Answer 20

synapse (between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another)

Question 21

Important cranial nerve that mediates sense of touch for face and control many muscles of chewing

Answer 21

(V) Trigeminal nerve

Question 22

What is a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates?

Answer 22

Motor unit

Question 23

What makes up a motor unit (5 things)?

Answer 23

Dendrite, nucleus, axon, neuromuscular junction, muscle fiber

Question 24

How do we activate muscles after we develop a motor plan?

Answer 24

Through neural impulses

Question 25

The attachment point of muscle that has limited movement

Answer 25

Origin (more proximal)

Question 26

The attachment point that has more movement

Answer 26

Insertion (more distal)

Question 27

This attaches muscle to bone, muscle to cartilage, or muscle to muscle and is usually very strong

Answer 27

Tendon

Question 28

Responsible for movement A. agonist B. Antagonist C. synergists/fixator

Answer 28

Agonist

Question 29

Perform movements opposite of the agonist A. agonist B. Antagonist C. synergists/fixator

Answer 29

Antagonist

Question 30

Stabilize structure A. agonist B. Antagonist C. synergists/fixator

Answer 30

Synergists/Fixator

Question 31

What are the three important muscl emovements?

Answer 31

Isometric, concentric, eccentric

Question 32

Muscle action where its point of attachment do not move relative to each other

Answer 32

Isometric (ex: flexing in the mirror)

Question 33

Muscle is active and its attachments are drawn closer together

Answer 33

Concentric (ex: bicep curl)

Question 34

Muscle is active and its attachments are drawn further apart

Answer 34

Eccentric

Question 35

Bending at a joint to bring surfaces/ends closer together

Answer 35

flexion

Question 36

bring surfaces/ends apart (straightening)

Answer 36

extension

Question 37

Complex process used to convert your inner thoughts into a chain of speech sounds

Answer 37

linguistic encoding/speech - this is generated through the activation of multiple muscle systems

Question 38

What are the systems (5) involved in speech?

Answer 38

1. respiratory 2. phonatory 3. articulation 4. resonance 5. nervous

Question 39

What system is the "power" source for speech production?

Answer 39

respiratory system

Question 40

What system is involved in producing 'voice'

Answer 40

phonation system

Question 41

What separates the upper and lower airways?

Answer 41

vocal folds

Question 42

What houses the vocal folds?

Answer 42

larynx

Question 43

What vibrates to produce voice?

Answer 43

vocal folds

Question 44

2 bands of muscle (thyroarytenoid muscle) that control the presence of phonation or not & lower airway protection

Answer 44

Vocal folds

Question 45

vocal folds up from the ________ first

Answer 45

bottom

Question 46

The system of structures involved in shaping the oral cavity for production of the sounds of speech

Answer 46

articulatory system

Question 47

What determines the shape of vocal tract?

Answer 47

1. changing place of articulators 2. speech articulators: mobile vs immobile

Question 48

What is the filter of the source-filter theory?

Answer 48

vocal tract (i.e., nasal cavity, pharynx, and oral cavity)

Question 49

What are the sources of the source-filter theory?

Answer 49

Lungs