Exam 1 Questions Flashcards
When the rib cage elevates the volume of the lungs ______ (decrease/increase)?
Increases
When the volume of the thorax increases, air pressure within the thorax will _____ (decrease/increase)?
Decrease
When the diaphragm contracts, the volume of the thorax will _____ (decrease/increase)?
Increase
_____ is hard but brittle
bone
When the air pressure within the thorax increases, air will flow ______ the thorax (into/out of)?
Out of
_____ has the quality of elasticity
cartilage
When the rib cage is elevated, the _____ of the rib cage is distorted
chondral portion
when the rib cage elevates, the _______ of the rib cage increases
Volume
where does gas exchange occur deep within the lungs?
alveoli
what is wrapped around an alveoli?
capillary bed
where are alveoli located?
bronchial tree
What is the passageway leading to a group of alveoli?
bronchiole
What is the exchange of gas between an organism and its environment?
respiration
The functional system of lungs, muscles, and passageways involved in the process of respiration
respiratory system
the process of drawing air into the respiratory system
inspiration
the process of eliminating air from the respiratory system
expiration
The force exerted per unit; P = F/A
air pressure
Pressure lower than some reference, or below ambient
Relative negative pressure
Pressure higher than some reference, or above ambient
Relative positive pressure
Given a gas at constant pressure, if you increase the volume of the container, the pressure within will decrease
Boyle’s law
Movement of air from one point to another
airflow
Thoracic volume will __________ (increase/decrease) when you expand the rib cage
Increase
2 major inhalation muscle groups are what?
Diaphragm and external intercostals
Lungs adhere to the ________ via the ________ membrane
Thorax, pleural
_______ relationship between pressure and volume for _______ law
Inverse, Boyle’s
During inhalation, thoracic cavity expands, including through contraction of major inspiratory muscles ________ & ___________
Diaphragm and external intercostals
Increased lung volume will ________ the air pressure in the lungs
Decrease
_____ will rush into the lung to ______ the air pressure if the pressure is decreased in the lungs
Air, balance
Air molecules always move from areas of ______ pressure to _______ pressure
higher, lower
When the pressure reaches __________, inhalation stops
balance
Gas exchange occurs at ________
alveoli
For quiet breathing, _______ is not necessary during exhalation
contraction
For _______ exhalation, we need accessory muscles
forced
In exhalation muscles return to “neutral” position by way of: ______ & _______
elasticity and gravity
Volume of air exchanged in one cycle of respiration (one breath)
Tidal Volume (TV)
Volume of air that can be maximally inhaled at the end of passive inhalation
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
Volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled at the end of passive exhalation
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
Volume of air left after maximal expiration
Residual Volume (RV)
Volumes of air that can be inhaled/exhaled by effort
Vital Capacity (VC)
Volumes of air that can be enclosed in the respiratory system (i.e., RV+ERV+TV+IRV)
Total Lung (TLC)
The volume of air that can be maximally inhaled in addition to tidal volume is called:
A) total lung volume
B) inspiratory reserve volume
C) expiratory reserve volume
B) IRV
The amount of air inhaled and exhaled during a quiet respiratory cycle is:
A) total lung volume
B) resting tidal volume
C) inspiratory reserve volume
D) expiratory reserve volume
B
The combination of IRV, ERV, and TV is called ______ ________
Vital capacity
The combination of inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and residual volume represents
A) total lung volume
B) tidal volume
C) IRV
D) ERV
A
You can easily change the residual lung volume: true or false
False
The amount of air in the lungs after a maximum inhalation:
total lung volume
____ is unconscious, automatic process; inhalation uses mostly diaphragm and EI
life breathing
Volume of air inspired or expired during normal breathing
tidal volume
Amount of air inspired forcefully after inspiration of normal tidal volume
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
Amount of air forcefully expired after expiration of normal tidal volume
expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Volume of air remaining in respiratory passages and lungs after the most forceful expiration
residual volume (RV)
