Vasculature and Lymphatic Drainage of the Upper Limb Flashcards
What is the main arterial supply to the upper limb?
The main arterial supply to the upper limb is the subclavian artery.
From which artery does the subclavian artery arise?
The subclavian artery arises from the brachiocephalic trunk (right side) and directly from the aortic arch (left side).
At what anatomical landmark does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?
The subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib.
How many parts does the axillary artery have, and what are its branches?
The axillary artery has three parts: First part: Superior thoracic artery. Second part: Thoracoacromial and lateral thoracic arteries. Third part: Subscapular, anterior circumflex humeral, and posterior circumflex humeral arteries
What is the major branch of the first part of the axillary artery?
The superior thoracic artery arises from the first part of the axillary artery.
What are the branches of the second part of the axillary artery?
The second part of the axillary artery gives rise to the thoracoacromial and lateral thoracic arteries.
What are the branches of the third part of the axillary artery?
The third part of the axillary artery gives rise to the subscapular, anterior circumflex humeral, and posterior circumflex humeral arteries.
At what anatomical landmark does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?
The axillary artery becomes the brachial artery at the inferior border of the teres major muscle.
What are the major branches of the brachial artery?
The major branches of the brachial artery are the profunda brachii, superior ulnar collateral, and inferior ulnar collateral arteries.
What artery accompanies the radial nerve in the radial groove of the humerus?
The profunda brachii artery accompanies the radial nerve in the radial groove of the humerus.
What is the primary arterial supply to the anterior compartment of the forearm?
The anterior compartment of the forearm is primarily supplied by the ulnar artery.
What is the primary arterial supply to the posterior compartment of the forearm?
The posterior compartment of the forearm is primarily supplied by the radial and posterior interosseous arteries.
What are the terminal branches of the brachial artery?
The brachial artery divides into the radial and ulnar arteries at the cubital fossa.
Which artery is commonly used for measuring pulse at the wrist?
The radial artery is commonly used for measuring pulse at the wrist.
Which artery supplies the deep palmar arch?
The deep palmar arch is primarily supplied by the radial artery.
Which artery supplies the superficial palmar arch?
The superficial palmar arch is primarily supplied by the ulnar artery.
What is the primary arterial supply to the thumb?
The primary arterial supply to the thumb is the princeps pollicis artery.
What artery supplies the lateral side of the index finger?
The lateral side of the index finger is supplied by the radialis indicis artery.
What is the primary venous drainage system of the upper limb?
The primary venous drainage of the upper limb consists of deep and superficial veins.
What are the two main superficial veins of the upper limb?
The two main superficial veins of the upper limb are the cephalic and basilic veins.
Which superficial vein runs along the lateral side of the upper limb?
The cephalic vein runs along the lateral side of the upper limb.
Which superficial vein runs along the medial side of the upper limb?
The basilic vein runs along the medial side of the upper limb.
What vein connects the cephalic and basilic veins in the cubital fossa?
The median cubital vein connects the cephalic and basilic veins in the cubital fossa.
Into which vein does the cephalic vein drain?
The cephalic vein drains into the axillary vein.
Into which vein does the basilic vein drain?
The basilic vein drains into the brachial vein.
What are the deep veins of the upper limb?
The deep veins of the upper limb include the radial, ulnar, brachial, axillary, and subclavian veins.
What is the main lymphatic drainage pattern of the upper limb?
The lymphatic drainage of the upper limb follows superficial and deep pathways.
Where do the superficial lymphatic vessels accompanying the basilic vein drain?
Superficial lymphatic vessels accompanying the basilic vein drain into the lateral axillary lymph nodes.
Where do the superficial lymphatic vessels accompanying the cephalic vein drain?
Superficial lymphatic vessels accompanying the cephalic vein drain into the apical axillary and deltopectoral lymph nodes.
What are the main groups of axillary lymph nodes?
The axillary lymph nodes are divided into lateral, central, pectoral, subscapular, and apical groups.
Which axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the upper limb?
The lateral axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the upper limb.
Which axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the breast?
The pectoral axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from the breast.
What is the significance of the apical group of axillary lymph nodes?
The apical axillary lymph nodes receive lymph from all other axillary nodes.
Where does lymph from the apical axillary lymph nodes drain?
Lymph from the apical axillary lymph nodes drains into the subclavian lymphatic trunk.
What is the significance of the deltopectoral lymph nodes?
The deltopectoral lymph nodes drain the upper limb and shoulder region.
What is the clinical significance of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer?
Axillary lymph nodes are important in breast cancer staging and metastasis.
Which lymph nodes drain the skin of the shoulder and upper back?
The supraclavicular and subscapular lymph nodes drain the skin of the shoulder and upper back.
What is the lymphatic drainage of the fingers and hand?
The fingers and hand drain into the superficial lymphatic vessels of the forearm.
Where do the deep lymphatic vessels of the upper limb drain?
The deep lymphatic vessels of the upper limb drain into the axillary lymph nodes.
What lymphatic structure receives lymph from both upper limbs?
The thoracic duct (left side) and right lymphatic duct (right side) receive lymph from the upper limbs.
What is the main arterial anastomosis around the scapula?
The scapular anastomosis provides collateral circulation in case of subclavian artery occlusion.
What arteries contribute to the scapular anastomosis?
The suprascapular, dorsal scapular, and circumflex scapular arteries contribute to the scapular anastomosis.
What is the main collateral circulation in case of brachial artery occlusion?
The profunda brachii artery provides collateral circulation in brachial artery occlusion.
What arteries contribute to the collateral circulation of the elbow?
The superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries contribute to the elbow’s collateral circulation.
What are the major venous anastomoses in the upper limb?
Major venous anastomoses occur at the cubital fossa and palmar venous networks.
What is the significance of the deep palmar venous arch?
The deep palmar venous arch assists in venous return from the hand.
What are the perforating veins in the upper limb, and what is their function?
Perforating veins connect superficial and deep veins to regulate venous return.
How does the lymphatic drainage of the upper limb differ between the dominant and non-dominant hand?
The dominant hand has more extensive lymphatic drainage due to increased use.
How can infections in the hand spread through the lymphatic system?
Infections in the hand can spread via lymphatics to axillary lymph nodes.
What is the clinical significance of lymphatic drainage in metastatic cancer spread?
Lymphatic drainage pathways influence the spread of metastatic cancer.
