Femoral Triangle, Femoral Sheath and Adductor Canal Flashcards
What is the femoral triangle?
The femoral triangle is an anatomical region in the upper thigh that serves as a passageway for major neurovascular structures.
What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
The femoral triangle is bounded by the inguinal ligament (superior), sartorius (lateral), and adductor longus (medial).
What forms the superior boundary of the femoral triangle?
The inguinal ligament forms the superior boundary of the femoral triangle.
What forms the medial boundary of the femoral triangle?
The medial boundary of the femoral triangle is formed by the adductor longus muscle.
What forms the lateral boundary of the femoral triangle?
The lateral boundary of the femoral triangle is formed by the sartorius muscle.
What forms the floor of the femoral triangle?
The floor of the femoral triangle is formed by the iliopsoas, pectineus, and adductor longus muscles.
What forms the roof of the femoral triangle?
The roof of the femoral triangle consists of the fascia lata and cribriform fascia.
What are the contents of the femoral triangle?
The femoral triangle contains the femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, and deep inguinal lymph nodes.
What is the clinical significance of the femoral triangle?
The femoral triangle is clinically significant for vascular access, nerve blocks, and detection of femoral hernias.
What is the femoral sheath?
The femoral sheath is a fascial compartment enclosing the femoral artery, vein, and canal.
What are the compartments of the femoral sheath?
The femoral sheath has three compartments: lateral (femoral artery), intermediate (femoral vein), and medial (femoral canal).
What structures are enclosed within the femoral sheath?
The femoral sheath encloses the femoral artery, femoral vein, and femoral canal but not the femoral nerve.
What is the significance of the femoral canal?
The femoral canal allows venous expansion and serves as a passage for lymphatic drainage.
What is the clinical relevance of the femoral ring?
The femoral ring is the entrance to the femoral canal and is a common site for femoral hernias.
What is a femoral hernia?
A femoral hernia occurs when abdominal contents protrude through the femoral ring into the femoral canal.
How does a femoral hernia differ from an inguinal hernia?
A femoral hernia occurs below the inguinal ligament, while an inguinal hernia occurs above it.
What is the function of the femoral artery?
The femoral artery supplies oxygenated blood to the lower limb.
What is the course of the femoral artery within the femoral triangle?
The femoral artery enters the femoral triangle under the inguinal ligament and courses towards the adductor canal.
What are the branches of the femoral artery within the femoral triangle?
The branches of the femoral artery in the femoral triangle include the deep femoral artery, superficial epigastric artery, and superficial circumflex iliac artery.
What is the function of the femoral vein?
The femoral vein drains deoxygenated blood from the lower limb.
How does the femoral vein relate to the femoral artery within the femoral triangle?
The femoral vein lies medial to the femoral artery within the femoral sheath.
What is the function of the femoral nerve?
The femoral nerve provides motor and sensory innervation to the anterior thigh and medial leg.
What is the anatomical position of the femoral nerve in the femoral triangle?
The femoral nerve lies outside the femoral sheath, lateral to the femoral artery.
What structures pass through the adductor canal?
The adductor canal transmits the femoral artery, femoral vein, and saphenous nerve.
What is the adductor canal?
The adductor canal is a tunnel in the middle third of the thigh that transmits neurovascular structures to the popliteal fossa.
What are the boundaries of the adductor canal?
The adductor canal is bounded by the vastus medialis (anterior), adductor longus and magnus (posterior), and sartorius (medial).
What forms the anterior wall of the adductor canal?
The anterior wall of the adductor canal is formed by the vastus medialis muscle.
What forms the posterior wall of the adductor canal?
The posterior wall of the adductor canal is formed by the adductor longus and adductor magnus muscles.
What forms the medial wall of the adductor canal?
The medial wall of the adductor canal is formed by the sartorius muscle.
What are the contents of the adductor canal?
The adductor canal contains the femoral artery, femoral vein, and saphenous nerve.
What is the clinical significance of the adductor canal?
The adductor canal allows neurovascular structures to pass from the femoral triangle to the popliteal fossa.
What happens to the femoral artery after it exits the adductor canal?
After exiting the adductor canal, the femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery.
What is the adductor hiatus, and where is it located?
The adductor hiatus is an opening in the adductor magnus muscle through which the femoral artery passes into the popliteal fossa.
How does the femoral artery transition into the popliteal artery?
The femoral artery transitions into the popliteal artery as it passes through the adductor hiatus.
What nerves are present in the femoral triangle?
The femoral triangle contains the femoral nerve and its branches.
What is the saphenous nerve, and where does it run?
The saphenous nerve is a sensory branch of the femoral nerve that runs alongside the femoral artery and vein.
What is the role of the saphenous nerve in sensory innervation?
The saphenous nerve provides sensory innervation to the medial leg and foot.
What is the relationship of the femoral triangle to the inguinal ligament?
The inguinal ligament forms the superior boundary of the femoral triangle and marks the transition between the pelvis and thigh.
What is the significance of the deep femoral artery?
The deep femoral artery (profunda femoris) is the major blood supply to the thigh.
What is the course of the deep femoral artery?
The deep femoral artery arises from the femoral artery and courses deep to the adductor muscles.
What are the major branches of the deep femoral artery?
The major branches of the deep femoral artery include the perforating branches, medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries.
How does the deep femoral vein relate to the femoral vein?
The deep femoral vein runs alongside the deep femoral artery and drains into the femoral vein.
What is the function of the profunda femoris vein?
The profunda femoris vein assists in venous return from the thigh.
What is the relationship between the femoral nerve and the femoral sheath?
The femoral nerve lies outside the femoral sheath, lateral to the femoral artery.
What is the role of the vastoadductor membrane in the adductor canal?
The vastoadductor membrane covers the adductor canal.
What is the significance of the subsartorial plexus in the adductor canal?
The subsartorial plexus provides sensory innervation to the adductor canal.
What are the major clinical conditions associated with the femoral triangle?
Clinical conditions associated with the femoral triangle include femoral hernias and vascular injuries.
What is the anatomical significance of the femoral pulse?
The femoral pulse is palpable in the femoral triangle and used for clinical assessments.
How does the femoral artery contribute to lower limb circulation?
The femoral artery is a major blood supplier to the lower limb.
What is the relationship of the femoral triangle to vascular access procedures?
The femoral triangle is used for vascular access in catheterization and emergency procedures.
